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Organisms distribute their ______ among potential activities in a way that maximizes fitness.
resources
Cuckoo birds are an example of ______ parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other birds.
social/brood
Some species of birds steal food from other birds, making them an example of ______ parasites.
kleptoparasites
Hemiparasites are plants that obtain some of their nutrients from a ______ plant.
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The life cycle of an organism begins with ______ and ends with death.
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The life cycle can be divided into two major stages: ______ and reproduction.
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Mimicry is an evolutionary adaptation that shows a protective ______.
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In the process of mimicry, a weak organism mimics features of another strong organism in a biological process by which an animal physically __________ after birth or hatching.
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Metamorphosis is a specific sequence in an organism's ______.
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There are two types of __________: complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis.
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Complete metamorphosis occurs through four stages: __________, larva, pupa, and adult.
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During incomplete metamorphosis, the __________ stage is not developed.
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A Survivorship Curve is a graph that shows what fraction of a population survives from one __________ to the next.
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Life History Strategies refer to the way in which an organism divides its resources and energy between its own __________ and growth and the survival of its offspring (reproduction).
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Life History Characteristics are those that affect the __________, mortality, and reproduction of a species.
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Ecologists use a Survivorship Curve to visualize how the number of individuals in a population drops off with __________.
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There is a genetic ______ (difference) within a population which can be inherited
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Overproduction of offspring leads to ______ for survival
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Individuals with beneficial ______ are more likely to survive to pass on their genes
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Over many generations, there is a change in allele ______ (evolution)
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The unit of selection is the individual ______ rather than the whole organism
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This is usually due to a catastrophic ______ environmental event, hunting a species to near extinction, or habitat destruction
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It selects for traits that increase an individual's ______ or reproductive success
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When a population's size becomes very small very ______
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A mutation in a garden rose has caused this garden ______ rose to produce flowers of different colors.
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The Universe began to become ______ attracted to each other.
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This mutation has introduced a new ______ into the population that increases genetic variation.
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Random mating refers to a hypothetical scenario in which individuals within a population mate with one another at ______, with no preference for particular traits or characteristics.
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Edwin Hubble discovered that the Universe is ______, with galaxies moving away from each other.
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The afterglow is detected today as the ______ Background Radiation also known as the Cosmic Microwave Background.
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The process began with the fusion of protons and ______ to form nuclei in a process known as nucleosynthesis.
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The process of nucleosynthesis is also known as ______ Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN).
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The universe at this point was filled homogeneously with a high energy ______ and that the incredibly high temperatures and pressure gave rise to rapid expansion and cooling.
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The outer core is responsible for earth's ______ field.
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The solar radiation coming from the sun interacts with the Earth's ______ Field and pointing it away from the sun.
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Human population ______ is one of the factors contributing to habitat destruction.
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About 541 million years ago, a great expansion occurred in the diversity of ______ organisms.
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The outer core is composed of liquid ______ and Nickel.
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The magnetic field attack most of the ______ wind particles so they don’t reach earth’s surface.
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The big five ______ events are a significant concept in the study of mass extinctions.
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Study Notes
Types of Parasites
- Social/brood parasites exploit the social behavior of their host, e.g., cuckoo birds laying eggs in other birds' nests.
- Kleptoparasites steal food or resources from their host, e.g., some bird species stealing food from other birds.
- Hemiparasites obtain some nutrients from a host plant but can also photosynthesize and produce their own food.
Life Cycle
- A specific sequence in an organism's development, beginning with gestation and ending with death.
- Life cycles can be divided into two major stages: growth and reproduction.
Mimicry
- An evolutionary adaptation where a weak organism mimics features of a strong organism for protection.
Metamorphosis
- A biological process where an animal undergoes a significant change in body structure after birth or hatching.
- There are two types of metamorphosis: complete and incomplete.
- Complete metamorphosis occurs through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
- Incomplete metamorphosis occurs through three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.
Life History Strategies
- The way an organism divides its resources and energy between survival and growth, and reproduction.
- Life history characteristics affect the survival, mortality, and reproduction of a species (e.g., birth rates, age at first reproduction, number of offspring, and death rates).
Selection and Variation
- Genetic variation occurs within a population and can be inherited.
- Overproduction of offspring leads to competition for survival.
- Individuals with beneficial adaptations are more likely to survive and pass on their genes.
- Over many generations, there is a change in allele frequency (evolution).
Levels of Selection
- Gene-level selection: the unit of selection is the individual gene.
- Individual selection: operates at the level of the individual organism and selects for traits that increase an individual's fitness or reproductive success.
Types of Genetic Drift
- Bottleneck: a population's size becomes very small due to a catastrophic event, leading to a loss of genetic variation.
Big Bang Theory
- Three evidences: Hubble or cosmic expansion, cosmic microwave background, and primordial or big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).
- Inflation epoch: the universe expanded rapidly and cooled, leading to rapid expansion and cooling.
Earth's Structure
- Outer core: responsible for the Earth's magnetic field, composed of liquid iron and nickel, and has a low viscosity.
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Description
This quiz covers the concept of resource allocation to maximize fitness and the role of social parasites in exploiting the social behavior of their hosts.
