Evolution and Natural Selection

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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?

  • Natural selection (correct)
  • Adaptation
  • Descent with modification
  • Species change

What type of adaptation is the production of venom?

  • Behavioral adaptation
  • Gradualism
  • Structural adaptation
  • Physiological adaptation (correct)

What is the term for the existence of different traits in a population?

  • Differential reproduction
  • Adaptation
  • Variation (correct)
  • Heritability

What is the main idea of Darwin's Theory?

<p>All species share a common ancestor and evolve over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one?

<p>Species change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of allopatric speciation?

<p>Geographic isolation of a population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce?

<p>Fitness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that species change over time?

<p>Descent with modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of species change?

<p>The formation of a new species with distinct characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Evolution

Natural Selection

  • Process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
  • Leads to accumulation of adaptations over time
  • Three components:
    1. Variation: existence of different traits in a population
    2. Heritability: traits are passed down from parents to offspring
    3. Differential reproduction: individuals with favorable traits produce more offspring

Adaptation

  • Trait that increases an individual's fitness (ability to survive and reproduce)
  • Can be:
    • Structural: physical characteristics (e.g. wings, armor)
    • Behavioral: learned or innate behaviors (e.g. migration, camouflage)
    • Physiological: internal functions (e.g. temperature regulation, venom production)

Darwin's Theory

  • Proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859
  • States that all species share a common ancestor and evolve over time through natural selection
  • Key components:
    • Descent with modification: species change over time
    • Common ancestry: all species share a common ancestor
    • Gradualism: evolution occurs gradually, over long periods of time

Species Change

  • Process by which a new species emerges from an existing one
  • Can occur through:
    • Allopatric speciation: geographic isolation of a population
    • Sympatric speciation: reproductive isolation within a population
    • Hybrid speciation: formation of a new species through hybridization of two existing species
  • Results in the formation of a new species with distinct characteristics and reproductive barriers

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