9 Questions
What is the process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Natural selection
What type of adaptation is the production of venom?
Physiological adaptation
What is the term for the existence of different traits in a population?
Variation
What is the main idea of Darwin's Theory?
All species share a common ancestor and evolve over time
What is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one?
Species change
What is the result of allopatric speciation?
Geographic isolation of a population
What is the term for the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce?
Fitness
What is the term for the idea that species change over time?
Descent with modification
What is the result of species change?
The formation of a new species with distinct characteristics
Study Notes
Evolution
Natural Selection
- Process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Leads to accumulation of adaptations over time
- Three components:
- Variation: existence of different traits in a population
- Heritability: traits are passed down from parents to offspring
- Differential reproduction: individuals with favorable traits produce more offspring
Adaptation
- Trait that increases an individual's fitness (ability to survive and reproduce)
- Can be:
- Structural: physical characteristics (e.g. wings, armor)
- Behavioral: learned or innate behaviors (e.g. migration, camouflage)
- Physiological: internal functions (e.g. temperature regulation, venom production)
Darwin's Theory
- Proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859
- States that all species share a common ancestor and evolve over time through natural selection
- Key components:
- Descent with modification: species change over time
- Common ancestry: all species share a common ancestor
- Gradualism: evolution occurs gradually, over long periods of time
Species Change
- Process by which a new species emerges from an existing one
- Can occur through:
- Allopatric speciation: geographic isolation of a population
- Sympatric speciation: reproductive isolation within a population
- Hybrid speciation: formation of a new species through hybridization of two existing species
- Results in the formation of a new species with distinct characteristics and reproductive barriers
Test your understanding of evolutionary principles, including natural selection, adaptation, and species change. Learn about the key components of Darwin's theory and how they shape the diversity of life on Earth.
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