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Questions and Answers
Who were the Ottomans named after?
In what present-day country was the Ottoman Empire centered?
Which city did the Ottomans capture and rename Istanbul as their capital?
What event marked the end of Turkish expansion in Europe in 1571?
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What was the significance of the janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?
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What did Ottomans do in 1529 related to Vienna, the capital of Austria?
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What is the meaning of the term Islam?
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When did Prophet Mohammed and his followers move from Mecca to Medina?
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What marked the beginning of the Islamic Calendar?
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Who vehemently opposed Islam in its early days?
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Under which Arab Caliphates did Muslims come after the death of the Prophet?
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Which empire established a Muslim Arab empire from North Africa to Central Asia in the east?
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What was the name given to the newly discovered lands by Amerigo Vespucci?
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Who circumnavigated the world between 1519 and 1522 in the service of Spain?
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What term was used to refer to the newly “discovered” areas?
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What major economic impact did the age of exploration and discoveries have?
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What intellectual movement is referred to as an 'intellectual movement' in the text?
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Which European ruler sponsored early explorers for their voyages of discovery?
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Who painted the 'Creation of Adam' and made statues of David, Moses, and the Virgin & the dead Christ?
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Which scientist studied human anatomy during the Renaissance period?
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Who declared that the earth revolved around the sun during the Renaissance?
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Which movement led to the emergence of Protestantism from the Catholic Church in the 16th century?
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What was Martin Luther's role in the Reformation?
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How did the Renaissance influence modern society culture?
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Which country became the world's first and richest industrial nation by the mid-nineteenth century?
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Where did the Industrial Revolution first spread to in continental Europe?
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In which year did the Industrial Revolution occur in the United States?
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What was the dominant industry in Great Britain in 1850?
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Which country eventually surpassed Britain in industrial production during the early and mid-nineteenth century?
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What characterized the economy during feudal society in Europe following the Dark Ages?
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Study Notes
The Rise and Expansion of Islam
- Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula with the life and teachings of the Prophet Mohammed around 610 AD.
- The term Islam means "submission to the will of Allah (God)" and those who worship Allah are called Muslims.
- The Prophet Mohammed and his followers were persecuted by the Quraysh Arabs, leading to their migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD, known as the Hejira.
- The Hejira marked the beginning of the Islamic Calendar.
The Expansion of the Islamic Empire
- Following the death of the Prophet, Muslims came under the Arab Caliphates of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties in the Middle Ages.
- The Arab conquests established a Muslim Arab empire from North Africa and Spain in the west to Central Asia in the east.
- The Seljuk and Ottoman Turks' military occupation in Palestine, Asia Minor, and Arabia contributed to Islam's expansion.
The Ottoman Empire
- The Seljuk Turks began military occupation in Palestine, Asia Minor, and Arabia in 1040.
- The Ottoman Turks replaced the Seljuk Turks by the end of the 13th century and established the Ottoman Empire, centered in what is now Turkey.
- The Ottoman Empire captured Anatolia in 1336, Adrianople in 1356, and Salonika in 1387, and eventually conquered the Balkan Peninsula, including Greece, by the 15th century.
- The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453, renaming it Istanbul and making it their capital.
European Exploration and Discovery
- Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigated the world between 1519 and 1522 in the service of Spain.
- The newly discovered lands became known as the "New World" and were later conquered and became colonies of European powers.
The Renaissance and Reformation
- The Renaissance was an intellectual movement that began in Italy in the 14th century.
- Key figures of the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Nicholas Copernicus.
- The Renaissance had a profound influence on the development of modern society, culture, and humanism.
- The Reformation was a religious movement that led to the emergence of Protestantism from the Catholic Church in the 16th century.
- The Reformation began in Germany led by Martin Luther in 1517 and was influenced by social, political, religious, and economic factors.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the European voyages of discovery that led to the exploration and colonization of the New World. Learn about explorers like Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, and Ferdinand Magellan.
