European Union Institutions Quiz

Council of Europe

• Established in 1949 to promote human rights, democracy, and rule of law in Europe.
• Comprises 47 member states, representing a population of approximately 820 million.
• Operates with an annual budget of around 500 million euros.
• The European Court of Human Rights is the most recognized body, enforcing the European Convention on Human Rights.
• Two main statutory bodies are the Committee of Ministers (foreign ministers) and the Parliamentary Assembly (members of national parliaments).
• The Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent entity focused on human rights awareness and respect.
• Headed by a Secretary General overseeing the organization's secretariat.

European Court of Human Rights

• Established on January 21, 1959, based on Article 19 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
• Ensures compliance by contracting states with the Convention and its protocols.
• Hears applications alleging violations of human rights under the Convention.
• Can issue judgments and advisory opinions.
• All 47 member states of the Council of Europe are contracting parties to the Convention.

European Parliament

• One of three legislative branches of the European Union and part of its seven institutions.
• Works jointly with the Council of the European Union to adopt legislation, primarily based on proposals from the European Commission.
• Lacks formal right of initiative; this is reserved for the European Commission.

European Commission

• Acts as the executive branch of the European Union, with responsibilities for proposing legislation and managing EU operations.
• Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice, committing to uphold treaties and remain independent in their duties.
• Proposed by the Council of the European Union and appointed by the European Council after obtaining approval from the European Parliament.
• Based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels, with teams known as "cabinets."

European Council

• Recognized in the Lisbon Treaty, tasked with providing direction for the EU's development.
• Shapes the EU's policy agenda, often referred to as the engine for European integration.
• Holds appointment powers, including naming its President, the High Representative for Foreign Affairs, and the President of the European Central Bank.
• Proposes a candidate for President of the European Commission to the European Parliament.
• Lacks direct legislative authority but can invoke an "emergency brake" procedure in specific situations.