European Revolutions and Nationalism Quiz

A political ideology advocating for democratic representation and individual freedoms, often opposing absolute monarchy.

A political ideology emphasizing national unity, self-governance, and shared identity, often striving for a common cultural and historical experience.

The movement for the unification of Italy in the mid-19th century, aiming to create a unified Italian nation-state.

A series of revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe in 1848 driven by liberal and nationalist aspirations.

The Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia from 1852 to 1861, considered a key figure in the unification of Italy.

A series of wars and diplomatic maneuvers that led to the unification of Italy under the House of Savoy.

The Congress of Vienna, held in 1815, aimed to re-establish peace and balance in post-Napoleonic Europe. It resulted in a conservative order and the restoration of monarchies.

The period following the Napoleonic Wars, characterized by relative peace and the dominance of conservative forces in Europe.

Nationalism is a feeling of strong attachment to one's nation, often expressed through pride in its history, culture, and language.

Germany's unification in the 19th century was a complex process involving various factors like nationalism, diplomacy, and military power.

Realpolitik is a practical approach to foreign policy that prioritizes national interests over ideology or moral considerations.

Otto von Bismarck was a key figure in German unification. He was a skilled diplomat and strategist who employed Realpolitik to achieve his goals.

Kaiser Wilhelm I was the Emperor of Germany and supported Bismarck's policies, leading to the unification of Germany.

The decline of old empires like the Ottoman Empire was due to various factors, including corruption, weak leadership, and internal rebellions.

The Opium Wars were a series of conflicts between China and Britain in the 19th century over the opium trade.

The Qing Dynasty ruled China for over 200 years, but its decline was marked by internal problems like corruption, famine, and isolationism.

The Canton System strictly controlled foreign trade in China, restricting the involvement of foreign merchants.

Opium is a substance derived from the poppy plant that was used both medicinally and recreationally in China. Its widespread use led to major problems.

Japan's rapid industrialization in the late 1800s led to a desire for expansion and control of resources.

The Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) was a conflict between Japan and China, resulting in Japan's victory and annexation of Korea and Taiwan.

The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) was a conflict between Russia and Japan, resulting in Japan's victory and a significant shift in power dynamics in East Asia.

The surprise attack on Port Arthur by the Japanese navy marked a turning point in the Russo-Japanese War, showcasing Japan's military capabilities.

The Russo-Japanese War was the first time in modern history that an Asian power had defeated a European power, establishing Japan as a major global force.

A system of government where land is divided and granted to lords in exchange for loyalty and taxes, with a hierarchy of power from the Emperor or King to the peasantry.

A period of Japanese history (1603-1868) where the Tokugawa shogunate isolated the country from foreign influence.

The Tokugawa shogunate's policy of limiting foreign contact and trade, aiming to preserve Japanese culture.

A US Commodore who forced Japan to open its ports for trade in 1853.

An unequal treaty signed by Japan in 1854, opening two Japanese ports to Western trade.

A conflict in 1868 that led to the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the Emperor's power.

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan (1868-1912), characterized by Western influence.

The emperor who led Japan's Meiji Restoration, embodying a blend of Western modernization and traditional Japanese culture.

The first constitution of Japan, established in 1868, outlining principles of democratic participation and equality.

The reforms implemented during the Meiji Restoration, including a new military system, economic freedom, and a shift towards a more centralized government.

An uncoppered paddle-wheel iron ship used by the British in the Canton Bogue and Shanghai campaigns, notable for its shallow draft, allowing it to navigate coastal waters and attack from unexpected angles.

A series of military conflicts between Britain and China in the mid-19th century, primarily over the illegal trade of opium. They resulted in unequal treaties favoring Britain and a weakening of the Qing dynasty.

A treaty signed in 1842 between Britain and China, ending the First Opium War. It imposed harsh terms on China, including territorial concessions, the opening of treaty ports, and extraterritoriality for British citizens.

A large-scale rebellion in China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan and his followers, who sought to establish a theocratic kingdom based on a version of Christianity. It was ultimately suppressed by the Qing dynasty with British aid.

The leader of the Taiping Rebellion, who proclaimed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ and sought to establish a theocratic state in China.

A second conflict between Britain and China in 1856-1860, arising from disputes over the implementation of the Treaty of Nanjing. It led to further concessions from China, including expanded trade privileges and the legalization of opium trade.

A series of reforms implemented by the Chinese Emperor Guangxu in 1898, aimed at modernizing China by adopting Western technologies and institutions. They were short-lived, however, due to opposition from Empress Dowager Cixi and conservative elements within the Qing government.

A Chinese anti-foreign movement that emerged in the late 19th century, fueled by anti-Western sentiment and a belief in supernatural protection. It culminated in a violent uprising against foreigners and their interests in China.

The Empress Dowager Cixi, a powerful figure in the Qing dynasty, who opposed the Hundred Days Reform and ultimately reversed it. She played a pivotal role in Chinese politics during a period of immense upheaval.