European Integration and the 1951 Paris Treaty

25 Questions

What was the main aim of the 1950 Schuman Declaration?

To eliminate the age-old opposition between France and Germany

According to the 1950 Schuman Declaration, how was Europe supposed to be built?

Through concrete achievements creating de facto solidarity

What did the 1951 Paris Treaty signify in the context of European integration?

It was a significant milestone in the development of European integration

What does 'supranationalism' refer to in the context of European integration?

A system where member states pool their sovereignty to achieve common goals

What was emphasized as indispensable for the maintenance of peaceful relations in the 1950 Schuman Declaration?

The contribution of an organized and living Europe to civilization

According to the 1950 Schuman Declaration, how was Europe's coming together supposed to be achieved?

Through the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany

Which country proposed the 'Union of the European peoples' in 1961 without supranational institutions?

France

What were the main objectives of the 1961 'Union of the European peoples' proposed by France?

Common foreign and defence policy + development of common heritage and protection of values

Which country vetoed UK accession in 1963 and 1967?

France

What was the practical result of the 1966 Luxembourg Compromise?

No voting anymore, decision-making by consensus in Council until 1986

With which countries did EEC have close association for economic development since the 1960s?

17 African countries and Madagascar

Which major participant in the 'Kennedy Round' of GATT emerged in multilateral trade relations?

EEC

What created financial turbulence, oil shocks, inflation, and stagnation in the 1970s?

'Eurosclerosis'

What was the main purpose of the Schuman Declaration of 1950?

To create a European coalition for coal and steel production under a common High Authority

What was the purpose of pooling coal and steel production under a common High Authority?

To make war between France and Germany unthinkable and materially impossible

What was the responsibility of the common High Authority according to the Schuman Declaration?

Securing the modernization and improvement of production, establishing common living conditions for workers, and equalizing prices

What did the transitional measures in the Schuman Declaration aim to facilitate?

The rationalization of production

What impact did the Schuman Declaration aim to have on living standards?

Contribute to raising living standards

What was the significance of having a representative of the United Nations accredited to the Authority?

To report on the working of the Authority to the UN twice yearly

Who proposed the option of European integration as an alternative to expropriation, fragmentation, and disarmament for Germany?

Robert Schuman

When was the 1951 Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) signed?

April 18, 1951

Who served as the first president of the High Authority of the ECSC from 1952-54?

Jean Monnet

What was the main responsibility of the High Authority of the ECSC?

Making binding decisions

What did the 1957 Rome Treaties establish?

European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)

What was the role of the European Commission according to the EEC Treaty?

Performing duties in the general interest of the community with complete independence

Study Notes

European integration was proposed as an alternative to expropriation, fragmentation, and disarmament for Germany, with the goal of obtaining equal rights (Gleichberechtigung)
The option was presented by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman in June-August 1950, following pressure from the US (Secretary of State Dean Acheson) for a more constructive approach
The 1951 Paris Treaty was signed on April 18, 1951, establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
The ECSC Treaty came into force on July 23, 1952, and expired on July 23, 2002
The High Authority was established to ensure that the objectives of the ECSC were met, with Jean Monnet serving as the first president (1952-54)
The ECSC treaty established four institutions: the High Authority, the Council, the Assembly, and the Court of Justice
The High Authority had general responsibility for ensuring that objectives of the treaty were attained and made binding decisions
The High Authority was initially met with resistance, especially regarding the re-organization of the coal and steel industry
The ECSC was a success in advancing European integration and preventing war, but it was a policy failure in terms of its objectives
In response to the failure of the European Defense Community in 1954, there was a consensus that more ambition was needed, leading to the idea of "complete integration" and a common market
The 1957 Rome Treaties established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)
The EEC Treaty established a different "Community method" compared to the ECSC, with the European Commission performing duties in the general interest of the community with complete independence and the exclusive right to propose Community legislation.
The Council, representing the interests of national governments, had decision-making power in legislation, budget, and agreements.
The European Parliament (Assembly) started as a consultative role, but was gradually upgraded with budgetary powers, first direct elections, and increasing legislative powers.
The Court of Justice was established to ensure the rule of law in the interpretation and application of the treaty.
The ECSC and the Rome Treaties established the framework for the European Union as it exists today.

Test your knowledge on the events leading to the 1951 Paris Treaty and the significance of European integration in the post-World War II period. Explore the key players, diplomatic negotiations, and motivations behind the treaty.

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