22 Questions
According to the Ventotene Manifesto, what was the central task for those who conceived the central field of struggle?
Creating a solid international state
What did the European Federalist Movement do in response to the Ventotene Manifesto?
Participated in the armed Resistance and made contacts with European Resistance circles
Why did federalism lose momentum almost immediately after the end of the war?
Urgency to complete the western bloc as quickly as possible
What were some of the initial projects that have been realized in absence of a European Federation?
Directly elected representative institution (European Parliament)
Which historical period saw attempts to bring the EEC/EU closer to a more federal structure?
1950-1954
What was the 'spiritual' objective of the federated Europe according to the Ventotene Manifesto?
Offering citizens the highest possible degree of civilization
According to Immanuel Kant, what does the formation of the state involve?
Monopolizing force and subjecting individual arbitrariness to law
What is the main goal of perpetual peace according to Immanuel Kant?
The end of all hostilities and the creation of a legal order
What is the role of world federation in ensuring perpetual peace, based on Immanuel Kant's perspective?
Regulating relations between states and preventing the use of violence
According to Immanuel Kant, what is the essential characteristic of peace?
The end of all hostilities
What does Immanuel Kant advocate as a means to achieve perpetual peace?
Extension of law to all social relations, including international relations
What does Immanuel Kant consider as necessary for achieving perpetual peace?
A legal order that guarantees it
According to Immanuel Kant, what is the foundation for achieving perpetual peace?
World federation capable of regulating relations between states
In Immanuel Kant's perspective, what is the end goal for peace?
"The end of all hostilities" and not the suspension of hostilities between two wars
Which political figure advocated for a confederation of states with the municipality as the main center of organization?
Proudhon
Who criticized the League of Nations as a mere confederation and advocated for a federation of European states to secure peace and prevent war?
Einaudi
What was the principle under which the League of Nations was established after World War I?
Self-determination of peoples
Who drafted the Ventotene Manifesto, advocating for a united Europe to prevent war and promote peace and freedom?
Rossi
In what year was the Paneuropa Movement founded in Vienna, addressing the need for European unity and peace in the face of external threats?
1923
Who sought European political unity, emphasizing the importance of the nation as a means to achieve freedom and universal brotherhood?
Mazzini
What did Cattaneo advocate for, aiming to limit political power both within states through regional decentralization and internationally through a supranational government?
Confederation of states
Which term best describes the federation envisioned by Proudhon in the international context?
'Freedom, equality, and coexistence'
Study Notes
- The federation in the international context should be composed of republican states, ensuring freedom, equality, and coexistence of men.
- International anarchy prevents the consolidation of freedom, democracy, and justice within individual states, necessitating peace through an international legal order.
- Proudhon envisioned a confederation of states, subordinating the central authority to the member states, with the municipality being the main center of organization.
- Mazzini sought European political unity, emphasizing the importance of the nation as a means to achieve freedom and universal brotherhood.
- Cattaneo advocated for federalism, aiming to limit political power both within states through regional decentralization and internationally through a supranational government.
- The League of Nations was established under the principle of self-determination of peoples and international cooperation after World War I.
- The Paneuropa Movement was founded in Vienna in 1923, addressing the need for European unity and peace in the face of external threats.
- Einaudi criticized the League of Nations as a mere confederation, advocating for a federation of European states to secure peace and prevent war.
- Rossi and Spinelli drafted the Ventotene Manifesto, advocating for a united Europe to prevent war and promote peace and freedom.
- The Ventotene Manifesto, born from the minds of Rossi, Spinelli, and other opponents of fascism, called for European unity as a means to prevent war and crisis in modern civilization.
Explore the historical perspective of European integration, from its origins to the modern-day concept of European unity. Delve into the evolution of the idea of Europe, the complexities of geographical and political definitions, and Immanuel Kant's contribution to federalist philosophy.
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