European Classical Literature - BA (Hons.) Semester I
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Questions and Answers

Who is the first and greatest of European poets?

Homer

What are the two epics attributed to Homer?

  • The Aeneid and The Eclogues
  • The Iliad and The Odyssey (correct)
  • The Odyssey and The Aeneid
  • The Eclogues and The Georgics

Homer came from the Greek coastland of Asia Minor and was blind.

True (A)

What is the central theme of The Odyssey?

<p>Homecoming</p> Signup and view all the answers

A common Greek vice, that is against Odysseus’ character, is excess, and, therefore, Odysseus is known as the ideal of ______.

<p>moderation</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years had Odysseus been away from Ithaca when the story begins?

<p>Twenty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Odysseus's mentor, and appears to him in different forms?

<p>Athena (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which god is against Odysseus, and why?

<p>Poseidon, because Odysseus blinded his son Polyphemus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the island where Calypso holds Odysseus prisoner?

<p>Ogygia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Odysseus's wife, and who is his son? (In order)

<p>Penelope and Telemachus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The island of Phaeacia is a model of supernatural bliss, a quiet paradise, similar to Calypso's Island.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the young Phaeacian princess who helps Odysseus?

<p>Nausicaa</p> Signup and view all the answers

King Alcinous offers Odysseus his daughter, Arete, in marriage, if he chooses to stay in Phaeacia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the blind Phaeacian bard who sings songs of Odysseus' heroic exploits?

<p>Demodocus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the giant, one-eyed Cyclops that Odysseus encounters on his journey home?

<p>Polyphemus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enchantress, famous for her magic, who transforms Odysseus's men into pigs?

<p>Circe</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gods are not always hostile to man, and they can be pacified, appeased, and even manipulated by men.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the god who controls the sea, and is Odysseus's main adversary?

<p>Poseidon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the god who is the protector of Odysseus, and guides him on his journey home?

<p>Athena</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of Odysseus's father, and how does he react after Odysseus's return home?

<p>Laertes, he is overjoyed and embraces Odysseus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Odysseus is considered the ideal hero for his actions and never makes mistakes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the king who rules over Ithaca?

<p>Odysseus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the city where the events of the Odyssey primarily take place?

<p>Ithaca</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homer's Odyssey is a blend of three stories: the fairy-tale wanderings of Odysseus, the struggle for power in Ithaca, and the homecoming of Odysseus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mimesis' mean?

<p>Imitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hamartia' mean?

<p>Tragic flaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anagnorisis' mean?

<p>Recognition or discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'peripeteia' mean?

<p>Reversal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four primary components of a plot according to Aristotle?

<p>Beginning, middle, end, and universality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle believed that a tragic hero should be a purely good man, representing the ideal model of virtue.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what are the six essential parts of a tragedy?

<p>Plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle, and song (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three essential rules for a poet to follow while imitating real life in a poem?

<p>Imitate things as they are, as they are imagined, or as they should be (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle believed that epic poetry was a more refined and sophisticated form of poetry than tragedy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the emotional purging or purification that Aristotle believed tragedy achieved in its audience?

<p>Catharsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sophocles is considered one of the greatest tragic dramatists of antiquity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the play that explores the conflict between the claims of blood and the claims of the state, between religious law and secular law, through the tragic story of Antigone and Creon?

<p>Antigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antigone is a submissive and obedient daughter, who is easily influenced by the tyranny of Creon.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the blind prophet who guides Creon in Antigone?

<p>Teiresias</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the messenger who brings the news of Haemon and Eurydice's death to Creon?

<p>Second messenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chorus in Antigone is composed of Theban elders, who are sympathetic to Antigone's actions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the city-state where Lysistrata takes place?

<p>Athens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of Lysistrata's plan to bring peace to Greece?

<p>The sex strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the old Athenian man who supports the war effort, and is opposed to the women's actions?

<p>The Men's Leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Athenian Magistrate who tries to take control of the Acropolis and is against the women's actions?

<p>The Magistrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Lysistrata' can be considered a feminist play, advocating for women's rights and challenging the patriarchal structure of the time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who, according to Lysistrata, is the only person who can bring about a true reconciliation between Athens and Sparta?

<p>Reconciliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant difference between the two choruses in Lysistrata?

<p>The men focus on the war effort and the women focus on the need for peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Spartan delegate singing two songs at the end of Lysistrata?

<p>It emphasizes the unity of Greece and its shared past</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the chorus in ancient Greek tragedy?

<p>To act as a commentator and offer insights into the play's themes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Who is Homer?

The first and greatest European poet, believed to have composed the Iliad and the Odyssey.

What is the Odyssey about?

Odysseus’ decade-long journey back to Ithaca after the Trojan War. It's a tale of adventure, hardship, and the desire for home.

Who is Athene?

A divine figure who acts as Odysseus' mentor, guiding and protecting him throughout his journey.

What is the Penelope Situation?

The situation Odysseus finds himself in when he returns to Ithaca: his wife Penelope is being pursued by numerous suitors who try to claim her hand in marriage.

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What is the Greek virtue of 'moderation'?

An ancient Greek virtue, characterized by moderation, balance, and self-control, embodied by Odysseus.

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What is the Greek vice of 'excess'?

A common Greek vice, characterized by excessive consumption, indulgence, and a lack of restraint, as displayed by the suitors in the Odyssey.

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What is 'in medias res'?

The narrative structure of the Odyssey, where the story begins in the middle of the action, at a crucial turning point.

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What is the invocation?

The opening of the Odyssey, where Homer invokes the divine Muse for inspiration and guidance.

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What is the theme of homecoming?

The theme of the Odyssey that showcases the difficulties and challenges faced by those returning home after a long absence.

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What is the Telemachy?

The period of time between Book I to Book IV of the Odyssey, where Telemachus takes center stage, seeking information about his father.

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What is Ogygia?

The island where Odysseus is held captive by the nymph Calypso for seven years, a paradise-like place but a prison for him.

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Who is Calypso?

A lesser goddess who holds Odysseus captive for seven years on her island, Ogygia. She represents a form of love and longing that can also be possessive.

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What is 'heroic endurance'?

The ability of a person to endure hardship and difficulty without losing their spirit or resolve, a quality seen in Odysseus.

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Who are the Phaeacians?

The Phaeacians are a seafaring people known for their hospitality and skill in sailing. They represent a culture of generosity and kindness.

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Who is Nausicaa?

The daughter of King Alcinous and Queen Arete, she finds Odysseus on the shores of Phaeacia and offers him kindness.

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What is Phaeacia?

The mythical land of the Phaeacians, described as a place of beauty, wealth, and hospitality, symbolizing human excellence in living well.

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What is the role of a 'bard'?

A type of blind bard in ancient Greece, like Homer himself, whose role was to sing stories and epics.

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How are the Phaeacians essential to Odysseus' journey?

A human society with a unique position in the Odyssey, a place where Odysseus finds kindness and assistance that he desperately needs after years of suffering.

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Who is Polyphemus?

A one-eyed giant, the son of Poseidon, who lives in a cave on the island of Sicily and devours humans. He becomes a major obstacle for Odysseus.

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What is the land of the Cyclopes?

The land of the Cyclopes, described as a savage and uncivilized place, characterized by a lack of societal structure and respect for gods and humans.

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What is the theme of temptation?

A specific mode of adventure in the Odyssey, where Odysseus' men succumb to temptation and forget their original goal. This theme highlights the perils of temptation and the importance of willpower.

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Who is Circe?

A goddess with magical powers who turns Odysseus' men into swine. She represents a form of temptation and the dangers of overconfidence.

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What is the Island of Aeaea?

The island where Circe resides, a place of magic and the supernatural. It represents Odysseus' encounter with the dark and alluring side of the unknown.

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What is the Halls of Hades?

The underworld, the kingdom of Hades and Persephone, where Odysseus encounters the ghosts of the dead and seeks guidance from the blind prophet Teiresias.

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Who is Teiresias?

A blind prophet who guides Odysseus through a prophecy about his return, ultimately revealing a perilous road to Ithaca.

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Who is Scylla?

A monstrous creature with six heads and twelve feet. She represents a fearsome obstacle that tests Odysseus' courage and ingenuity.

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What is Charybdis?

A dangerous whirlpool that represents a powerful force of nature. It symbolizes the uncertainties and risks Odysseus encounters in his journey.

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What is the 'journey to the underworld'?

The journey Odysseus undertakes to consult with Teiresias in the underworld. It represents a perilous encounter with the unknown and the power of the supernatural.

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What is the 'revelation of Odysseus' identity'?

The moment when Odysseus finally reveals his true identity to the Phaeacians. It marks a turning point in his journey, a moment of vulnerability and a step back into the human world.

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Study Notes

BA (Hons.) English, Semester I

  • Course title: European Classical Literature
  • Course Credits: 4
  • Discipline Specific Core Course (DSC-2)
  • As per the UGCF 2022 and National Education Policy 2020

Editorial Board

  • Dr. Seema Suri
  • P.K. Satapathy

Content Writers

  • R.M. Kala
  • P.P. Dhobal
  • Dr. Anamta Rizvi
  • K. Dasgupta
  • Dr. Seema Suri

Academic Coordinator

  • Deekshant Awasthi

ISBN

  • 978-93-95774-68-0

First Edition

  • 2022

Contact Information

Publisher

  • Department of Distance and Continuing Education
  • University of Delhi

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European Classical Literature PDF - BA (Hons) English - University of Delhi

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Test your knowledge on European Classical Literature with this quiz designed for BA (Hons.) English, Semester I. The content covers major themes, authors, and works essential to the course curriculum. Perfect for mastering your understanding and preparing for assessments!

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