Eukaryotic Gene Control Region
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Questions and Answers

At which stage of gene expression can regulation occur such that specific mRNAs in the cytoplasm are selected for translation by ribosomes?

  • Translational control (correct)
  • RNA processing control
  • Transcriptional control
  • mRNA degradation control

What is the paramount level of control for most genes?

  • Post-translational control
  • Translational control
  • RNA processing control
  • Transcriptional control (correct)

How many stages are there in the pathway leading from DNA to protein where gene expression can be regulated?

  • 4
  • 6 (correct)
  • 5
  • 3

What is the term for the process by which gene expression is controlled through the regulation of when and how often a given gene is transcribed?

<p>Transcriptional control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in the cell are completed mRNAs localized after being exported from the nucleus?

<p>Cytosol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the promoter in an eukaryotic gene control region?

<p>To bind general transcription factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins assemble on DNA with eukaryotic transcription regulators?

<p>Co-activators and co-repressors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of an eukaryotic gene control region?

<p>Gene coding region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cis-regulatory regions in an eukaryotic gene control region?

<p>To bind specific transcription factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do eukaryotic transcription regulators typically function?

<p>In groups, assembling on cis-regulatory sequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a positive transcription regulator in eukaryotes?

<p>To help RNA polymerase begin transcribing genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between transcription regulation in eukaryotes and bacteria?

<p>Eukaryotes have more complex chromatin structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cis-regulatory sequences in transcription regulation?

<p>They specify the time and place of gene transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an activator protein on transcription initiation?

<p>It increases the rate of transcription initiation by up to 1000-fold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of gene control in eukaryotes compared to bacteria?

<p>More intermediate transcription factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ensures that cells do not synthesize superfluous intermediates during transcription?

<p>Transcription regulators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins recognize specific sequences of DNA and determine which genes to transcribe?

<p>Transcription regulators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transcription regulators?

<p>To recognize specific sequences of DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of transcription regulators allows them to bind specific sequences of DNA?

<p>Their ability to recognize specific sequences of DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of genes in most organisms are devoted to transcription regulators?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables transcription regulators to assemble on DNA?

<p>A combination of cis-regulatory sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Mediator protein complex?

<p>To act as a coactivator, bridging transcription regulators and RNA polymerase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do transcription factors act in the process of transcription initiation?

<p>By promoting the binding of additional transcription regulators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cooperative assembly of transcription activators and coactivators on DNA?

<p>The promotion of different steps in transcription initiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cis-regulatory regions in an eukaryotic gene control region?

<p>To recruit transcription regulators and coactivators to the promoter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the binding of the tryptophan repressor to the operator in the promoter?

<p>The RNA polymerase is blocked from binding to the promoter, preventing transcription. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activator proteins in gene transcription?

<p>They bind to the cis-regulatory sequence and help RNA polymerase initiate transcription. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the clusters of genes transcribed as a single mRNA molecule in bacteria?

<p>Operon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of abundant tryptophan on the tryptophan operon?

<p>The operon is switched off, and the enzymes are no longer necessary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transcription factor turns genes OFF?

<p>Repressor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of combinatorial transcriptional regulation?

<p>It increases the specificity of transcriptional activation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA binding domains in transcription factors?

<p>To bind specific sequences in DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do transcription factors NFAT and AP1 interact to regulate the IL-2 gene?

<p>NFAT and AP1 bind to neighboring sites and interact through protein-protein interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of cooperative DNA binding by transcription factors?

<p>It results in considerable combinatorial complexity of transcription control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of having multiple transcription factors bind to different sequences?

<p>It allows for the specific regulation of gene expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dimerization domains in transcription factors contribute to transcriptional regulation?

<p>They mediate protein-protein interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between NFAT and AP1 in the IL-2 gene control region?

<p>A stable DNA ternary complex is formed, stabilizing transcriptional activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes?

<p>It involves the interaction of multiple transcription factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having unique transcription activation requirements for each gene?

<p>It increases the specificity of transcriptional activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in terms of gene control?

<p>It increases the specificity of transcriptional activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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