Eukaryotic Gene Control Region
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Questions and Answers

At which stage of gene expression can regulation occur such that specific mRNAs in the cytoplasm are selected for translation by ribosomes?

  • Translational control (correct)
  • RNA processing control
  • Transcriptional control
  • mRNA degradation control

    • What is the paramount level of control for most genes?

  • Post-translational control
  • Translational control
  • RNA processing control
  • Transcriptional control (correct)

    • How many stages are there in the pathway leading from DNA to protein where gene expression can be regulated?

  • 4
  • 6 (correct)
  • 5
  • 3

    • What is the term for the process by which gene expression is controlled through the regulation of when and how often a given gene is transcribed?

    <p>Transcriptional control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the cell are completed mRNAs localized after being exported from the nucleus?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the promoter in an eukaryotic gene control region?

    <p>To bind general transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins assemble on DNA with eukaryotic transcription regulators?

    <p>Co-activators and co-repressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of an eukaryotic gene control region?

    <p>Gene coding region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cis-regulatory regions in an eukaryotic gene control region?

    <p>To bind specific transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do eukaryotic transcription regulators typically function?

    <p>In groups, assembling on cis-regulatory sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a positive transcription regulator in eukaryotes?

    <p>To help RNA polymerase begin transcribing genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between transcription regulation in eukaryotes and bacteria?

    <p>Eukaryotes have more complex chromatin structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cis-regulatory sequences in transcription regulation?

    <p>They specify the time and place of gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an activator protein on transcription initiation?

    <p>It increases the rate of transcription initiation by up to 1000-fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of gene control in eukaryotes compared to bacteria?

    <p>More intermediate transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that cells do not synthesize superfluous intermediates during transcription?

    <p>Transcription regulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins recognize specific sequences of DNA and determine which genes to transcribe?

    <p>Transcription regulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transcription regulators?

    <p>To recognize specific sequences of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of transcription regulators allows them to bind specific sequences of DNA?

    <p>Their ability to recognize specific sequences of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of genes in most organisms are devoted to transcription regulators?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables transcription regulators to assemble on DNA?

    <p>A combination of cis-regulatory sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Mediator protein complex?

    <p>To act as a coactivator, bridging transcription regulators and RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do transcription factors act in the process of transcription initiation?

    <p>By promoting the binding of additional transcription regulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cooperative assembly of transcription activators and coactivators on DNA?

    <p>The promotion of different steps in transcription initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cis-regulatory regions in an eukaryotic gene control region?

    <p>To recruit transcription regulators and coactivators to the promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the binding of the tryptophan repressor to the operator in the promoter?

    <p>The RNA polymerase is blocked from binding to the promoter, preventing transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of activator proteins in gene transcription?

    <p>They bind to the cis-regulatory sequence and help RNA polymerase initiate transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the clusters of genes transcribed as a single mRNA molecule in bacteria?

    <p>Operon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of abundant tryptophan on the tryptophan operon?

    <p>The operon is switched off, and the enzymes are no longer necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transcription factor turns genes OFF?

    <p>Repressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of combinatorial transcriptional regulation?

    <p>It increases the specificity of transcriptional activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA binding domains in transcription factors?

    <p>To bind specific sequences in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do transcription factors NFAT and AP1 interact to regulate the IL-2 gene?

    <p>NFAT and AP1 bind to neighboring sites and interact through protein-protein interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of cooperative DNA binding by transcription factors?

    <p>It results in considerable combinatorial complexity of transcription control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of having multiple transcription factors bind to different sequences?

    <p>It allows for the specific regulation of gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dimerization domains in transcription factors contribute to transcriptional regulation?

    <p>They mediate protein-protein interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between NFAT and AP1 in the IL-2 gene control region?

    <p>A stable DNA ternary complex is formed, stabilizing transcriptional activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes?

    <p>It involves the interaction of multiple transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of having unique transcription activation requirements for each gene?

    <p>It increases the specificity of transcriptional activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in terms of gene control?

    <p>It increases the specificity of transcriptional activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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