Gene Expression Control in Eukaryotic Cells
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a mechanism for regulating eukaryotic gene expression in the nucleus?

  • Alternative splicing (correct)
  • Protein breakdown regulation
  • MicroRNA inhibition
  • mRNA export

    • What is the function of histone acetyltransferases in chromatin remodeling?

  • They attract activator proteins
  • They bind to regulatory sequences
  • They repress transcription
  • They add acetyl groups to histone tails (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about microRNAs (miRNAs)?

  • They are involved in alternative splicing
  • They regulate protein breakdown
  • They are small noncoding RNA molecules (correct)
  • They bind to histone tails

    • What is the role of ubiquitin in protein stability regulation?

    <p>It marks proteins for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the iron regulatory protein (IRP)?

    <p>It blocks ribosome binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in gene expression regulation?

    <p>It inhibits translation and degrades mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement about alternative splicing?

    <p>It generates different proteins from a single gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glucocorticoid receptor in gene expression regulation?

    <p>It binds to the regulatory sequence of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do histone deacetylases affect chromatin structure?

    <p>They remove acetyl groups from histone tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the GTP cap on the 5' end of mRNA in gene expression regulation?

    <p>If the cap is modified, mRNA is not translated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used to identify all mRNAs expressed in certain conditions?

    <p>Microarray analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do yellow spots on a DNA microarray indicate?

    <p>Equal expression of genes in both conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the TCA (Krebs) cycle genes?

    <p>They are used for ethanol catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about eukaryotic gene expression control?

    <p>Transcriptional control is the most common control point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of direct sequencing of cDNAs made from mRNA?

    <p>To measure gene expression levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of genes does a typical cell express?

    <p>~20-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of general transcription factors in gene expression?

    <p>To assemble preinitiation complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about differentiated cells?

    <p>Differentiated cells contain all the genetic information to form a complete organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of regulatory protein binds to DNA to switch genes on/off?

    <p>Repressor proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we determine which genes are expressed in certain conditions?

    <p>Identifying all mRNAs found in certain conditions using DNA chips (microarrays).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of enhancer regions in gene regulation?

    <p>To stimulate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the intensity of red or green binding to a DNA chip spot indicate?

    <p>The number of mRNAs expressed from a specific gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bacterial gene regulation, what happens when the concentration of tryptophan is low?

    <p>Genes making enzymes in the tryptophan pathway are expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the control of gene expression in the human neuron and liver cell?

    <p>They have the same genome but express different RNAs and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does eukaryotic gene activation occur at a distance?

    <p>Through looping of DNA between enhancer and promoter regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common control point in eukaryotic gene expression?

    <p>Transcriptional control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acetyl groups on chromatin structure?

    <p>They attract proteins that promote transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a cell change the expression of its genes in response to external signals?

    <p>By altering transcriptional control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA chips (microarrays) in determining gene expression?

    <p>To identify all mRNAs found in certain conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do yellow spots on a DNA chip indicate?

    <p>mRNAs from both cells expressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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