Eukaryotic Cells Quiz

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA replication and storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a cell wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize proteins and lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To modify and package proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through direct physical connections and transfer vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It controls the movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inner membrane space of mitochondria is involved in cellular respiration, while the stroma of chloroplasts is involved in photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingested prokaryotic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the surface area for ATP synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission is a simpler process that does not involve the formation of a spindle apparatus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is circular and similar to bacterial DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rRNA and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directs the protein to the correct organelle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is synthesized by ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of different proteins working together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic pH of around 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water expulsion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cristae in the inner membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both digest materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in autophagy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proinsulin is cleaved to form insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of insulin-containing vesicles to the cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolyze damaged proteins and macromolecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins are tagged for sorting to their final destinations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sorting and modifying proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defective insulin production or function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complexes of rRNA and proteins that synthesize proteins.

Ribosomes that float in cytosol and synthesize proteins for the cell's use.

Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, making protein for export or membrane use.

Process where ribosomes assemble amino acids into polypeptides.

Short amino acid sequences that direct proteins to their specific destinations.

A specific signal sequence that directs proteins to the nucleus.

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use in the cell.

Transport proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane or lysosomes.

A cell with internal membranes dividing it into organelles.

Specialized structures within a eukaryotic cell, each with distinct functions.

The organelle that houses the cell's genetic material.

A system of membranes that compartmentalizes the cell.

Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Organelles that produce energy (ATP) through respiration.

Organelles in plant cells that convert sunlight into energy via photosynthesis.

A network of fibers that helps maintain cell shape and transport materials.

A membrane surrounding the nucleus, continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Part of the ER studded with ribosomes, synthesizing proteins for secretion.

Part of the ER lacking ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Flattened sacs of membranes that modify, sort, and package proteins from the ER.

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell.

Organelles containing digestive enzymes for breaking down waste and cellular debris.

A peptide hormone produced by pancreas beta cells that regulates blood glucose levels.

The initial form of insulin synthesized as a single oligopeptide.

The form of insulin formed after the signal peptide is cleaved from preproinsulin.

A process by which secretory vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

The chemical process where water breaks down polymers into monomers.

Transport proteins in lysosome membranes that maintain acidity.

Process by which cells break down their own defective organelles.

Large vesicles from the ER and Golgi, performing various functions in cells.

A vacuole that regulates turgor pressure in plant cells.

Infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane, increasing surface area.

Metabolic process that converts sugars and fats into ATP using oxygen.

Divides mitochondrion into intermembrane space and matrix.

Narrow region between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

Innermost space of mitochondria containing enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes.

Internal membrane-bound compartments in chloroplasts, stacked as grana.

The inner space of chloroplasts containing enzymes and DNA.

Explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from ingested bacteria.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share characteristics with bacteria.