Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Quiz

Cellular Organelles and Functions

• Mitochondria are responsible for converting energy in eukaryotic cells.
• The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material in eukaryotic cells.

Endomembrane System

• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles are part of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells.

Cell Walls and Plant Cells

• The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and maintains cell shape in plant cells.

Protein Synthesis and Processing

• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
• The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins in eukaryotic cells.

Organelle Functions

• Peroxisomes carry out oxidation or other conversions and produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.
• Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes used to digest macromolecules and can break down the cell when it dies.
• The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging materials for secretion.

Photosynthesis and Plant Cells

• Chloroplasts are found in plants and algae and are sites of photosynthesis.

Nuclear Envelope and Plasma Membrane

• The nuclear envelope regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
• The plasma membrane regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

Flagella and Cilia

• Flagella have a whip-like movement pattern, while cilia have a wave-like movement pattern.