Lab 03 Eukaryotic Cell PDF

Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 The Eukaryotic Cell: Learning objectives: Identify the major organelles in eukaryotic (animal and plant) cells. Understand the importance of the nucleus and the function of its components. Describe the endomembrane system; name the organ...

Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 The Eukaryotic Cell: Learning objectives: Identify the major organelles in eukaryotic (animal and plant) cells. Understand the importance of the nucleus and the function of its components. Describe the endomembrane system; name the organelles that comprise it. Describe the structure and function of the two energy-converting organelles of eukaryotes (mitochondria and chloroplasts) Name the cell specialisation (cell walls and vacuoles in plant cells, the extracellular matrix in animal cells) An Outline of the Eukaryotic cell: Cells are the basic structural and functional units of every organism. There are two distinct types: prokaryotic (unicellular) and eukaryotic (multicellular). Eukaryotic cells are distinguished from prokaryotic cells by the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus, which contains the bulk of the genetic material, but the complexity of eukaryotic cells goes much beyond that. Animal and plant cells are some examples of the Eukaryotic cell. - Eukaryote = having a true nucleus. - Eukaryotic organisms show a wide range of diversity: - Animals - Plants - Microorganisms (protists and fungi) Animal and plant cells Figure 1. The structure of animal and plant cells General Biology BIO 101 Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 Animal Shared Plant Central basal body (cilia, flagella) Lysosomes Centrioles Nucleus Cell Wall Cytoplasm Ribosomes Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Vacuole Chloroplast Eukaryotic Cell Features: Nucleus: Contains the genetic materials of the cell, in the form of linear chromosomes. Consists of: Chromatin: is a complex of DNA and histones found in the nucleus Nucleolus: - Contains the genes encoding ribosomal RNA - Site of ribosomal RNA transcription Nuclear Envelop: A double membrane surrounding the nucleus, each membrane consists of a lipid bilayer. Nuclear pores: Allow passage of large molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic area: Contains all other organelles. Ribosomes: Responsible for synthesising of proteins. Some are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesise proteins that are designed for specific parts of the cell, or for export from the cell. Organelles: Component of organelles is dependent on function of the cell. - Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration (for generation of energy via ATP synthesis) General Biology BIO 101 Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 - Peroxisomes: Metabolic compartments containing enzymes, carrying out oxidation or other conversions. It produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then convert it into water. - Lysosomes: Not found in plant cell. It contains hydrolytic enzymes used to digest macromolecules. It also breakdown the cell when it dies. - Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Smooth ER: Divers functions – lipid synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs. Rough ER: Involved in the secretion of proteins. - Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages material secretion. - Chloroplasts: Found in plants and algae. A site of photosynthesis in plants and algae. General Biology BIO 101 Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 - Plasma Membrane: Selective phospholipid bilayer and protein - Cell Wall: Cell wall chemistry varies with cell type. Protects the cell, maintains shape, prevents excessive uptake of water. Central Basal Body Found in animal cells - Cilia Short hair like structures. Whip-like movement causes medium surrounding cell to move - Flagella Drive cell through liquid environment via a wave-like movement. Difference of beating pattern of flagellum and cilia General Biology BIO 101 Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 General Biology BIO 101 Molecular models, Structure of animals and plant cells. Lab 03 Plant Cell & Animal Cell -With TEM General Biology BIO 101