Eukaryotic Cell Components Quiz

<p>A build-up of lysosomal enzymes outside of the lysosome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing intracellular calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α-L-iduronidase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I-cell disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-L-iduronidase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamin A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hexosaminidase A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-L-iduronidase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta oxidation of fatty acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms vary widely depending on which organs are affected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert H2O2 to H2O and O2. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inner nuclear membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progerin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes: Hurler Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Lysosomes Zellweger Syndrome = Peroxisomes Progeria = Nucleus Mitochondrial Myopathies = Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hexosaminidase A (Hex A) = Tay-Sachs Disease alpha-L-iduronidase = Hurler Syndrome Catalase = Zellweger Syndrome Lamin A = Progeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in the blood = Peroxisomes Cherry-red spot on the retina = Lysosomes Premature aging, disfigured nuclei = Nucleus Weakness, drooping eyelids, swallowing difficulties = Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Deficiency in a lysosomal enzyme Zellweger Syndrome = Mutation in peroxins Progeria = Mutation in Lamin A Mitochondrial Myopathies = High mutation rate in mtDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of gangliosides in neurons = Lysosomes Defective brain development and impaired fatty acid metabolism = Peroxisomes Premature aging and nuclear envelope abnormalities = Nucleus Skeletal muscle weakness and dysfunction of oxidative phosphorylation = Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Neurological degeneration, cherry-red spot on retina Zellweger Syndrome = Impaired brain development, accumulation of very long chain fatty acids Progeria = Premature aging, disfigured nuclei, cardiovascular issues Mitochondrial Myopathies = Variable weakness, often affecting skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Gangliosides Zellweger Syndrome = Very long chain fatty acids Hurler Syndrome = Glycosaminoglycans None of the above = Progeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Nervous system Zellweger Syndrome = Brain, liver, kidneys Progeria = Musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems Mitochondrial Myopathies = Musculoskeletal and other systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Autosomal recessive Zellweger Syndrome = Autosomal recessive Progeria = Autosomal dominant Mitochondrial Myopathies = Mitochondrial inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs Disease = Infancy Zellweger Syndrome = Infancy Progeria = Childhood Mitochondrial Myopathies = Variable, can be present at birth or later</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I-cell disease = Endoplasmic reticulum Zellweger syndrome = Peroxisome Tay-Sachs disease = Lysosome Mennell syndrome = Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I-cell disease = Build-up of lysosomal enzymes in blood Zellweger syndrome = Impaired brain development Tay-Sachs disease = Cherry-red spot on retina Mennell syndrome = Premature aging and cardiovascular issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I-cell disease = Non-phosphorylation of lysosomal enzymes Gaucher disease = Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase Krabbe disease = Deficiency of galactocerebrosidase Fabry disease = Deficiency of alpha-galactosidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum = Failure in protein synthesis Golgi apparatus = Improper sorting and packaging of proteins Lysosome = Accumulation of waste material Peroxisome = Build-up of very long chain fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum = Defective growth and mental defects Peroxisome = Neurological degeneration Golgi apparatus = Excess secretory vesicles in blood Lysosome = A buildup of glycosaminoglycans in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progeria = Nucleus Mitochondrial Myopathies = Mitochondria Tay-Sachs = Lysosomes Zellweger = Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progeria = Lamin A Tay-Sachs = Hex A I cell disease = GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase Hurler Syndrome = α-L-iduronidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial Myopathies = Neuromuscular disease symptoms Hurler Syndrome = Skeletal muscle abnormalities, mental defects Zellweger = Impaired brain development, liver and kidney lesions I cell disease = Defective physical growth and mental defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus = Lamin A mutation Mitochondria = mtDNA or nuclear DNA mutation Lysosomes = Hex A deficiency Peroxisomes = Peroxins deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs = Cherry red spot Progeria = Premature aging of the MSK and CV systems Zellweger = Very long chain fatty acids in blood I cell disease = Secreted lysosomal enzymes in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tay-Sachs = Ganglioside Hurler Syndrome = Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) Progeria = Truncated Lamin A Zellweger = Very long chain fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progeria = Familial history and clinical features Tay-Sachs = Enzyme assay for Hex A Hurler Syndrome = Urine GAGs analysis Zellweger = Blood fatty acid profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes = Tay-Sachs Nucleus = Progeria Peroxisomes = Zellweger Golgi Apparatus = I cell disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

A network of interconnected sacs and tubules throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Plays a crucial role in the synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins.

A specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells. It serves as a storage site for intracellular calcium, essential for muscle contraction.

A cellular quality control mechanism that ensures proper folding of newly synthesized proteins. If a protein misfolds, the ER triggers a response that can lead to cell death.

A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs involved in the modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins and lipids. It functions like a 'post office' for the cell.

A rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in an enzyme responsible for phosphorylating lysosomal enzymes. This leads to the accumulation of undigested material within cells, resulting in severe developmental and health issues.

A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging, primarily affecting the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.

A group of disorders caused by mutations in genes that affect mitochondrial function.

A rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive neurological degeneration due to the accumulation of gangliosides in neurons.

A severe genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, leading to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various tissues.

A genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme hexosaminidase A (Hex A), leading to the accumulation of gangliosides in neurons.

A group of genetic disorders affecting the peroxisomes, organelles responsible for various metabolic processes.

A rare genetic disorder characterized by defective physical growth and mental development, caused by a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase.

A transmembrane protein that pumps three sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and two potassium ions (K+) into the cell. This process requires energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and is crucial for maintaining cell membrane potential.

The control center of the cell that stores the genetic material, DNA, wrapped in a double-layered membrane called the nuclear envelope.

A specialized type of ER lacking ribosomes, responsible for synthesizing lipids, steroids, and detoxifying harmful substances.

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.

A tiny, membrane-enclosed organelle containing digestive enzymes (hydrolases) that break down macromolecules.

Small, membrane-bound organelles that play a critical role in detoxification, particularly breakdown of very long fatty acids.

RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) is covered in ribosomes, where secretory proteins are synthesized. Secretory proteins are those that will be transported to the plasma membrane or incorporated into vesicles.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized type of ER found in muscle cells. It stores intracellular calcium, which is essential for muscle contraction.

The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a quality control mechanism ensuring newly synthesized proteins fold correctly. If proteins misfold, the ER can shut down protein synthesis to prevent problems, and the cell may undergo apoptosis.

The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs that modify, package, and sort proteins and lipids. It receives transport vesicles from the ER on its cis face and releases secretory vesicles from its trans face.

I-cell disease is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in an enzyme that normally phosphorylates lysosomal enzymes. This leads to unphosphorylated enzymes being released from the cell, which means the lysosomes lack the necessary enzymes to function properly.

Pumps 3 sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and 2 potassium ions (K+) into the cell, using energy from ATP hydrolysis. This creates an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane, crucial for nerve impulse transmission and maintaining cell volume.

The cell's control center containing DNA, surrounded by a double-layered membrane called the nuclear envelope. It regulates gene expression and protein synthesis.

The inner nuclear membrane (INM) is lined by a protein framework called the nuclear lamina, which provides structural support and shape to the nucleus.

The outer nuclear membrane (ONM) is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, suggesting a connection between these two cellular structures.

A rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene for lamin A, a key protein in the nuclear lamina. This leads to a truncated protein called progerin, which disrupts nuclear structure and causes premature aging.

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. It has a double membrane structure with an inner membrane containing the electron transport chain and an outer membrane surrounding the matrix.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited solely from the mother and plays a role in energy production within mitochondria.

A group of disorders caused by mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial function. Symptoms vary but generally involve muscle weakness due to impaired energy production in muscle cells.

A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes called hydrolases. It breaks down macromolecules, plays a role in immunity by destroying engulfed pathogens, and recycles cellular components.

A rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme hexosaminidase A (Hex A), leading to the accumulation of gangliosides in neurons. This causes progressive neurological deterioration, leading to death by age 4.