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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is TRUE about prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is TRUE about prokaryotic cells?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following structures is found ONLY in plant cells?
Which of the following structures is found ONLY in plant cells?
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
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Which of these structures is NOT found in bacterial cells?
Which of these structures is NOT found in bacterial cells?
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The ______ is a liquid substance within a cell where chemical reactions occur.
The ______ is a liquid substance within a cell where chemical reactions occur.
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The ______ in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis.
The ______ in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis.
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What is the purpose of a cell wall in plant cells?
What is the purpose of a cell wall in plant cells?
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What are the small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells called?
What are the small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells called?
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The prefix 'micro' represents a unit that is 1000 times smaller than the original unit.
The prefix 'micro' represents a unit that is 1000 times smaller than the original unit.
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Animal cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Animal cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
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The nucleus of a cell is responsible for protein synthesis.
The nucleus of a cell is responsible for protein synthesis.
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Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.
Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.
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Study Notes
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- All living things are composed of cells, which can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
- Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic.
- Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus containing DNA.
- Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
- Prokaryotic cells contain a single circular strand of DNA and plasmids (small rings of DNA).
- Cell structures (e.g., cell membranes) are organelles with various functions within the cell.
- Extremely small cells can be compared in size using orders of magnitude to illustrate the relative differences in size.
Orders of Magnitude
- If an object is 10 times bigger than another, then we say it is 101 times bigger.
- If an object is 1000 times bigger than another, it is 103 times bigger.
- If an object is 10 times smaller than another, it is 10-1 times smaller.
- Prefixes (e.g., centi, milli, micro, nano) are used in front of units of measurement to indicate multiples of that unit.
Animal and Plant Cell Structures and Functions
- Nucleus: Contains DNA for creating proteins needed in new cells; enclosed within a membrane.
- Cytoplasm: Liquid substance where chemical reactions occur; contains enzymes (biological catalysts).
Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, and Ribosomes
- Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and leaves the cell; regulates the flow of materials.
- Mitochondria: Where aerobic respiration happens (producing energy for the cell).
- Ribosomes: Where protein synthesis occurs; attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Plant Cell Structures and Functions
- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll for light absorption.
- Chlorophyll: Pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis.
- Permanent Vacuole: Contains cell sap; improves cell rigidity.
- Cell Wall: Made of cellulose; provides strength and rigidity to the cell.
Bacterial Cell Structures and Functions
- Cytoplasm: Liquid substance in the cell performing chemical reactions for the cell.
- Cell Membrane: Regulates substances entering and leaving the cell.
- Cell Wall: Composed of peptidoglycan; provides strength.
Additional Information
- Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacterial cells) have fewer organelles compared to eukaryotic cells (e.g., animal and plant cells).
- The size of organelles can be estimated by comparing their shape to a circle or rectangle.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This quiz covers cell structures, DNA composition, and size comparisons using orders of magnitude. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular biology.
