Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Single circular strand of DNA (correct)
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Nucleus containing DNA

Which of the following is TRUE about prokaryotic cells?

  • They are always found in extreme environments.
  • They lack membrane-bound organelles. (correct)
  • They are larger than eukaryotic cells.
  • They have a nucleus containing DNA.
  • They do not have a cell membrane.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

  • Provides energy for the cell
  • Synthesizes proteins
  • Carries out photosynthesis
  • Stores genetic information
  • Controls what enters and leaves the cell (correct)

Which of the following structures is found ONLY in plant cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

<p>Location of chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is NOT found in bacterial cells?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a liquid substance within a cell where chemical reactions occur.

<p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis.

<p>chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Provides structural support and rigidity (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells called?

<p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prefix 'micro' represents a unit that is 1000 times smaller than the original unit.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animal cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus of a cell is responsible for protein synthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prokaryote

A single-celled organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryote

A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Cell membrane

The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and leaves.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance inside a cell where chemical reactions occur.

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Nucleus

The control center of a eukaryotic cell that contains DNA.

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Plasmid

A small, circular piece of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

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Organelle

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

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Aerobic respiration

The process by which cells use oxygen to break down glucose for energy.

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Ribosomes

Small, round structures in a cell where protein synthesis occurs.

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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes within a eukaryotic cell that is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.

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Chlorophyll

The green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food (glucose).

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Vacuole

A large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells that stores water and nutrients.

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Cell wall

The rigid outer layer of a plant cell that provides support and protection.

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Cellulose

A substance made of long chains of sugar molecules that forms the cell wall of plants.

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Order of magnitude

A measure of the size of an object relative to a standard unit.

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Prefix

A prefix that indicates a multiple of a unit of measurement.

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Enzyme

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.

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Protein synthesis

The process by which cells make proteins from amino acids.

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Key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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Cell

The basic unit of life.

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Cell function

The process that enables organisms to grow, develop, and maintain their functions.

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Cell structures

The structures present in cells that carry out specific functions.

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Photosynthetic process

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

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Cell sap

The fluid that fills the vacuole of a plant cell.

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Binary fission

The process by which prokaryotes divide.

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Cell wall (prokaryotes)

The outer layer of a prokaryotic cell.

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DNA replication

The process of copying DNA.

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mRNA

The molecule that carries genetic instructions from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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Transcription

The process by which genetic information is transferred from DNA to mRNA.

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Translation

The process by which mRNA is used to create proteins.

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Plasmids in bacteria

The role of plasmids in bacteria.

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Study Notes

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

  • All living things are composed of cells, which can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
  • Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic.
  • Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus containing DNA.
  • Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
  • Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
  • Prokaryotic cells contain a single circular strand of DNA and plasmids (small rings of DNA).
  • Cell structures (e.g., cell membranes) are organelles with various functions within the cell.
  • Extremely small cells can be compared in size using orders of magnitude to illustrate the relative differences in size.

Orders of Magnitude

  • If an object is 10 times bigger than another, then we say it is 101 times bigger.
  • If an object is 1000 times bigger than another, it is 103 times bigger.
  • If an object is 10 times smaller than another, it is 10-1 times smaller.
  • Prefixes (e.g., centi, milli, micro, nano) are used in front of units of measurement to indicate multiples of that unit.

Animal and Plant Cell Structures and Functions

  • Nucleus: Contains DNA for creating proteins needed in new cells; enclosed within a membrane.
  • Cytoplasm: Liquid substance where chemical reactions occur; contains enzymes (biological catalysts).

Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, and Ribosomes

  • Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and leaves the cell; regulates the flow of materials.
  • Mitochondria: Where aerobic respiration happens (producing energy for the cell).
  • Ribosomes: Where protein synthesis occurs; attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Plant Cell Structures and Functions

  • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll for light absorption.
  • Chlorophyll: Pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis.
  • Permanent Vacuole: Contains cell sap; improves cell rigidity.
  • Cell Wall: Made of cellulose; provides strength and rigidity to the cell.

Bacterial Cell Structures and Functions

  • Cytoplasm: Liquid substance in the cell performing chemical reactions for the cell.
  • Cell Membrane: Regulates substances entering and leaving the cell.
  • Cell Wall: Composed of peptidoglycan; provides strength.

Additional Information

  • Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacterial cells) have fewer organelles compared to eukaryotic cells (e.g., animal and plant cells).
  • The size of organelles can be estimated by comparing their shape to a circle or rectangle.

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Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (1.1.1) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This quiz covers cell structures, DNA composition, and size comparisons using orders of magnitude. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular biology.

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