IV sedatives PP
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Questions and Answers

Which drug is associated with a significant decrease in intraocular pressure?

  • Propofol (correct)
  • Opioids
  • Thiopental
  • Lidocaine

    • What is the most commonly reported adverse event related to propofol?

  • Bradycardia
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pain on injection (correct)
  • Allergic reactions

    • Which drug has been described to cause profound bradycardia and asystole even with anticholinergic prophylaxis?

  • Lidocaine
  • Opioids
  • Thiopental
  • Propofol (correct)

    • Which drug does not alter hepatic or renal function?

    <p>Thiopental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has been associated with hepatocellular injury, lactic acidosis, bradydysrhythmias, and rhabdomyolysis?

    <p>Propofol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is primarily cleared from the plasma through which process?

    <p>Hepatic oxidative metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended induction dose of propofol for children?

    <p>1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical conscious sedation dose range of propofol?

    <p>25 to 100 µg/kg/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the therapeutic applications of propofol at subhypnotic doses?

    <p>Anti-emetic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does propofol have on cerebral blood flow?

    <p>Decreases cerebral blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a sedative?

    <p>A drug that induces a state of calm or sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical structure of propofol?

    <p>2,6-diisopropyl phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended formulation of propofol for IV administration?

    <p>1% solution with 10% soybean oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk associated with mixing propofol with lidocaine?

    <p>Risk of pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

    <p>Selective modulator of GABAA receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the differences in onset and duration among benzodiazepines?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics (uptake, distribution, metabolism and elimination)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of chronic administration of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Fatigue and drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances exert synergistic sedative effects with benzodiazepines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of benzodiazepine dependence?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following benzodiazepines is water-soluble with a rapid metabolism?

    <p>Midazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of etomidate?

    <p>It is rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal limiting aspect of etomidate?

    <p>Its ability to suppress adrenocortical function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of etomidate on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Minimal changes in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Facilitating the action of GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benzodiazepine is most commonly used?

    <p>Midazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the administration of Diazepam for sedation during regional and brief therapeutic procedures?

    <p>Diazepam has a peak effect at 3-5 minutes after intravenous sedation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein binding characteristic of Diazepam?

    <p>Diazepam has a high protein binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Diazepam metabolized in the body?

    <p>Diazepam is metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes by oxidative N-demethylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the elimination half-time of Diazepam?

    <p>Diazepam has a longer elimination half-time in health volunteers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commercial preparation of Diazepam?

    <p>Diazepam is dissolved in organic solvents like propylene glycol and sodium benzoate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is associated with a high incidence of pain on injection?

    <p>Propofol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to decrease intraocular pressure?

    <p>Propofol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is NOT known to alter hepatic or renal function?

    <p>Thiopental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has been associated with hepatocellular injury, lactic acidosis, bradydysrhythmias, and rhabdomyolysis?

    <p>Thiopental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a selective modulator of GABAA receptors?

    <p>Etomidate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical use of propofol?

    <p>Maintenance of anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended induction dose of propofol for children?

    <p>1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical conscious sedation dose range of propofol?

    <p>25 to 100 mcg/kg/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a therapeutic application of propofol at subhypnotic doses?

    <p>Antiemetic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does propofol have on cerebral blood flow?

    <p>Decreases cerebral blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of propofol?

    <p>It is a drug that induces rapid drug-induced unconsciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended formulation of propofol for IV administration?

    <p>1% solution with 10% soybean oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

    <p>Selective modulator of GABAA receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk associated with mixing propofol with lidocaine?

    <p>Increased risk of pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly reported adverse event related to propofol?

    <p>Pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of etomidate?

    <p>It decreases intraocular pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal limiting aspect of etomidate?

    <p>Its ability to suppress adrenocortical function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of etomidate on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Minimal changes in cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended formulation of propofol for IV administration?

    <p>Lipid emulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly reported adverse event related to propofol?

    <p>Bradycardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the protein binding characteristic of Diazepam?

    <p>Diazepam has a high degree of protein binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elimination half-time of Diazepam in healthy volunteers?

    <p>21 to 37 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time to administer Diazepam before surgery?

    <p>20 minutes before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of metabolism for Diazepam?

    <p>Hepatic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commercial preparation of Diazepam?

    <p>Dissolved in organic solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contribute to the differences in onset and duration among benzodiazepines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances exert synergistic sedative effects with benzodiazepines?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of chronic administration of benzodiazepines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances can slow down the metabolism of midazolam?

    <p>Antifungal drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the effects of midazolam on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Large doses can decrease blood pressure and increase heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anxiolytics are drugs that reduce anxiety

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is primarily cleared from the plasma through renal excretion

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is primarily metabolized by hepatic oxidative metabolism

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol has a short context-sensitive half-time and short site equilibrium

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol can modulate the postoperative hemodynamic response in cardiac surgery

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol decreases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is associated with a significant decrease in intraocular pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol does not alter hepatic or renal function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol has been described to cause profound bradycardia and asystole even with anticholinergic prophylaxis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is a selective modulator of GABAA receptors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etomidate is primarily metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes and plasma esterases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etomidate is highly protein bound to albumin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etomidate has a longer terminal elimination half-life compared to propofol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etomidate can be used as an alternative to propofol or barbiturates for IV induction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diazepam is commonly used as part of the anesthesia care plan.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diazepam is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract with near 100% bioavailability.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diazepam has a longer elimination half-time than lorazepam.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Benzodiazepines have a built-in ceiling effect that prevents them from exceeding the physiologic maximum of GABA inhibition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Differences in onset and duration among benzodiazepines reflect differences in potency, lipid solubility, and pharmacokinetics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Benzodiazepines decrease adenosine degradation by inhibiting the nucleoside transporter, resulting in reduced cardiac oxygen demand and coronary vasodilation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Benzodiazepines exert synergistic sedative effects with alcohol, inhaled anesthetics, opioids, and alpha2 agonists.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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