IV sedatives PP
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Questions and Answers

Which drug is associated with a significant decrease in intraocular pressure?

  • Propofol (correct)
  • Opioids
  • Thiopental
  • Lidocaine

What is the most commonly reported adverse event related to propofol?

  • Bradycardia
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pain on injection (correct)
  • Allergic reactions

Which drug has been described to cause profound bradycardia and asystole even with anticholinergic prophylaxis?

  • Lidocaine
  • Opioids
  • Thiopental
  • Propofol (correct)

Which drug does not alter hepatic or renal function?

<p>Thiopental (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has been associated with hepatocellular injury, lactic acidosis, bradydysrhythmias, and rhabdomyolysis?

<p>Propofol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is primarily cleared from the plasma through which process?

<p>Hepatic oxidative metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended induction dose of propofol for children?

<p>1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical conscious sedation dose range of propofol?

<p>25 to 100 µg/kg/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the therapeutic applications of propofol at subhypnotic doses?

<p>Anti-emetic effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does propofol have on cerebral blood flow?

<p>Decreases cerebral blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a sedative?

<p>A drug that induces a state of calm or sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical structure of propofol?

<p>2,6-diisopropyl phenol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended formulation of propofol for IV administration?

<p>1% solution with 10% soybean oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with mixing propofol with lidocaine?

<p>Risk of pain on injection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

<p>Selective modulator of GABAA receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the differences in onset and duration among benzodiazepines?

<p>Pharmacokinetics (uptake, distribution, metabolism and elimination) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of chronic administration of benzodiazepines?

<p>Fatigue and drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances exert synergistic sedative effects with benzodiazepines?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of benzodiazepine dependence?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benzodiazepines is water-soluble with a rapid metabolism?

<p>Midazolam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of etomidate?

<p>It is rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester side chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal limiting aspect of etomidate?

<p>Its ability to suppress adrenocortical function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of etomidate on the cardiovascular system?

<p>Minimal changes in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

<p>Facilitating the action of GABA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine is most commonly used?

<p>Midazolam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the administration of Diazepam for sedation during regional and brief therapeutic procedures?

<p>Diazepam has a peak effect at 3-5 minutes after intravenous sedation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein binding characteristic of Diazepam?

<p>Diazepam has a high protein binding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Diazepam metabolized in the body?

<p>Diazepam is metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes by oxidative N-demethylation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the elimination half-time of Diazepam?

<p>Diazepam has a longer elimination half-time in health volunteers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the commercial preparation of Diazepam?

<p>Diazepam is dissolved in organic solvents like propylene glycol and sodium benzoate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is associated with a high incidence of pain on injection?

<p>Propofol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known to decrease intraocular pressure?

<p>Propofol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is NOT known to alter hepatic or renal function?

<p>Thiopental (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has been associated with hepatocellular injury, lactic acidosis, bradydysrhythmias, and rhabdomyolysis?

<p>Thiopental (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a selective modulator of GABAA receptors?

<p>Etomidate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical use of propofol?

<p>Maintenance of anesthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended induction dose of propofol for children?

<p>1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical conscious sedation dose range of propofol?

<p>25 to 100 mcg/kg/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a therapeutic application of propofol at subhypnotic doses?

<p>Antiemetic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does propofol have on cerebral blood flow?

<p>Decreases cerebral blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of propofol?

<p>It is a drug that induces rapid drug-induced unconsciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended formulation of propofol for IV administration?

<p>1% solution with 10% soybean oil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

<p>Selective modulator of GABAA receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with mixing propofol with lidocaine?

<p>Increased risk of pain on injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly reported adverse event related to propofol?

<p>Pain on injection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of etomidate?

<p>It decreases intraocular pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal limiting aspect of etomidate?

<p>Its ability to suppress adrenocortical function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of etomidate on the cardiovascular system?

<p>Minimal changes in cardiac output. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended formulation of propofol for IV administration?

<p>Lipid emulsion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly reported adverse event related to propofol?

<p>Bradycardia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the protein binding characteristic of Diazepam?

<p>Diazepam has a high degree of protein binding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the elimination half-time of Diazepam in healthy volunteers?

<p>21 to 37 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time to administer Diazepam before surgery?

<p>20 minutes before surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of metabolism for Diazepam?

<p>Hepatic metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the commercial preparation of Diazepam?

<p>Dissolved in organic solvents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contribute to the differences in onset and duration among benzodiazepines?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances exert synergistic sedative effects with benzodiazepines?

<p>Alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of chronic administration of benzodiazepines?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can slow down the metabolism of midazolam?

<p>Antifungal drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of midazolam on the cardiovascular system?

<p>Large doses can decrease blood pressure and increase heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiolytics are drugs that reduce anxiety

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is primarily cleared from the plasma through renal excretion

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is primarily metabolized by hepatic oxidative metabolism

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol has a short context-sensitive half-time and short site equilibrium

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol can modulate the postoperative hemodynamic response in cardiac surgery

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol decreases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is associated with a significant decrease in intraocular pressure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol does not alter hepatic or renal function.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol has been described to cause profound bradycardia and asystole even with anticholinergic prophylaxis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is a selective modulator of GABAA receptors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etomidate is primarily metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes and plasma esterases.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etomidate is highly protein bound to albumin.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etomidate has a longer terminal elimination half-life compared to propofol.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etomidate can be used as an alternative to propofol or barbiturates for IV induction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Diazepam is commonly used as part of the anesthesia care plan.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Diazepam is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract with near 100% bioavailability.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Diazepam has a longer elimination half-time than lorazepam.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Benzodiazepines have a built-in ceiling effect that prevents them from exceeding the physiologic maximum of GABA inhibition.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Differences in onset and duration among benzodiazepines reflect differences in potency, lipid solubility, and pharmacokinetics.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Benzodiazepines decrease adenosine degradation by inhibiting the nucleoside transporter, resulting in reduced cardiac oxygen demand and coronary vasodilation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Benzodiazepines exert synergistic sedative effects with alcohol, inhaled anesthetics, opioids, and alpha2 agonists.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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