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Questions and Answers

What does the module on Automation primarily focus on?

  • Minimizing technology usage
  • Defining and implementing automation strategies (correct)
  • Flexibility in manual processes
  • Increasing operational costs

    • Which of the following is NOT highlighted in the Automation module content?

  • Secure Automation
  • Service Level Budgets (correct)
  • Automation Tools
  • Ironies of Automation

    • In the context of Automation, what is an example of a discussion topic covered in this module?

  • Effects of reducing staffing
  • The importance of human oversight
  • Automation 'Greatest Hits' (correct)
  • Historical failures of automation

    • What kind of case study is included in the Automation module?

    <p>Standard Chartered's approach to automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What exercise is intended to help learners assess their current use of automation?

    <p>How Much Automation Do You Have?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of SLOs in service monitoring?

    <p>To define what is considered important from a user perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SLI stand for, and what is its purpose?

    <p>Service Level Indicator; to compare performance against user expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of observability in a service?

    <p>It provides insights into the normal state of the service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of distributed tracing?

    <p>It tracks user actions across various services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired outcome of fewer paging alerts in a monitoring system?

    <p>To reduce overall workload for the operations team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the average time identified as 'normal' for users to complete a payment transaction?

    <p>38 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between observability and actionable alerts?

    <p>Observability encompasses a wider perspective of service health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of questions does observability encourage teams to ask?

    <p>Inquisitive or 'what-if' questions about service performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of automation in the context of SRE?

    <p>Faster action and faster fixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for successful automation?

    <p>Constant manual oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the quote 'For SRE, automation is a force multiplier, not a panacea' suggest about automation?

    <p>Automation enhances existing processes but does not eliminate all challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the DevOps delivery pipeline, which task is typically performed first?

    <p>Run Unit Tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'eliminating toil' in automation refer to?

    <p>Reducing repetitive and mundane tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Service Level Objective (SLO)?

    <p>To define how well a product or service should operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically considered the most widely tracked SLO?

    <p>Availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 1 million web requests are made and the SLO allows for 99.9% success, how many requests can fail?

    <p>1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen if an SLO is not achieved?

    <p>Remediation work must take place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying strategy should guide the establishment of an SLO?

    <p>Consider the customer's perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of 744,000 logins a month with a goal of 99% success, how many logins can fail?

    <p>7,440</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of the concept of an SLO?

    <p>Customer feedback system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an error budget represent in the context of SLOs?

    <p>The maximum allowable failures within an SLO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are SLOs significant for business?

    <p>They help uphold promises to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if an error budget is exceeded?

    <p>Remedial actions must be initiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of automation in SRE-led service automation?

    <p>Enhancing reliability engineering priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'shifting left' refer to in the context of SRE?

    <p>Moving operational responsibilities to developers earlier in the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential misconception regarding testing steps in production environments?

    <p>They can lead to false confidence in deployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for environments in SRE-led service automation?

    <p>They need to be provisioned as Infrastructure- and Configuration-as-Code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does monitoring and alerting focus on in SRE practices?

    <p>Things that are known to go wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can all code be rebuilt in the SRE context?

    <p>From a central code repository.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption do developers often make about the environments they work with?

    <p>They are consistently configured across development and production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of Ops in SRE-led automation?

    <p>They lead the automation effort to improve service reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misconception about the deployment process in production?

    <p>Production environments are similar to test environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of ensuring reliability in SRE practices?

    <p>Implementing automation to smooth out repetitive tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines toil?

    <p>Work that is manual, repetitive, and can be automated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does NOT describe toil?

    <p>Creatively stimulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of high toil in an organization?

    <p>Slow progress in releasing new features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples best illustrates toil?

    <p>Creating user accounts manually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to tasks associated with toil as a service grows?

    <p>They scale linearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered toil?

    <p>Automated testing processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant impact of toil on individuals?

    <p>Spending more time on manual tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is toil considered devoid of enduring value?

    <p>It is often repetitive and not strategic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would likely be classified as toil?

    <p>Responding to alerts manually every day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about toil is correct?

    <p>Toil can reduce the time available for productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks is indicative of manual work linked to toil?

    <p>Manual resets of equipment components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes toil from regular work?

    <p>Toil lacks engaging elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tangible benefit of reducing toil for teams?

    <p>More time for strategic initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a tactical task that may be considered toil?

    <p>Creating incident reports from system failures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bloom's Taxonomy

    • Bloom's Taxonomy is used to categorize learning objectives and assess learning achievements.
    • The categories are Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation.

    About DevOps Institute

    • DevOps Institute advances the human elements of DevOps.
    • It's a global member association connecting IT practitioners, thought leaders, talent acquisition, and business executives to support digital transformation.
    • The institute helps advance careers, professional development, and thought leadership.

    Site Reliability Engineering Foundation Course Content

    • The course has modules covering Course & Class Welcome, SRE Principles & Practices, Service Level Objectives & Error Budgets, Reducing Toil, Monitoring & Service Level Indicators, Sample Exam Review, SRE Tools & Automation, Anti-Fragility & Learning from Failure, Organizational Impact of SRE, and SRE, Other Frameworks, The Future (with Examination Time also included).

    Module 1: SRE Principles & Practices

    • Covers site reliability engineering (SRE).
    • Discusses SRE's relationship to DevOps and differences between them.
    • Outlines SRE principles and practices.
    • Includes a discussion component about SRE's day-to-day tasks

    What is Site Reliability Engineering?

    • SRE is a discipline incorporating software engineering aspects for infrastructure and operations problems.
    • It was created at Google around 2003.
    • SRE's dedicate 50% of their time to operations tasks (e.g. issue resolution, on-call, and manual interventions) and 50% to development tasks (e.g. new features, scaling, and automation).
    • Key aspects of SRE include scalability, availability, incident response, and automation.
    • Organizations beyond Google are embracing SRE.

    Module 2: Service Level Objectives & Error Budgets

    • Contains information about Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and error budgets.
    • Explains that an SLO is an availability target for a product or service (never 100%).
    • Discusses that SLOs need consequences if violated.
    • Explains the concept of error budgets.
    • Includes case studies (e.g., Evernote, Home Depot).

    Module 3: Reducing Toil

    • Defines toil as manual, repetitive, automatable, tactical work with no enduring value, scaling linearly as a service grows.
    • Discusses why toil is bad, identifying negative impacts on individuals and organizations (such as slow progress, poor quality, career stagnation, attrition, unending tasks, and burnout).
    • Provides information on how to reduce toil.
    • Includes examples of tools and techniques to reduce toil like pragmatic automation

    Module 4: Monitoring & Service Level Indicators

    • Includes topics about SLI's, monitoring, and observability.
    • SLI's are service level indicators allowing for quantitative data communication about systems.
    • SLI measurement needs a bound timeframe.
    • Case studies (e.g., Trivago, Microsoft)

    Module 5: SRE Tools & Automation

    • Discusses automation defined.
    • Covers hierarchy of automation types, secure automation, and automation tools.
    • Includes case studies and examples of automation like "big dev and small ops".
    • Covers automation's benefits (consistency, platform building, reuse, faster action, and time savings).

    Module 6: Antifragility & Learning from Failure

    • Discusses why learning from failures is important for performance metrics like MTTD, MTTR, MTRS, and RPO/SLO improvement.
    • Explores the concept of antifragility, providing strategies/approaches for reducing reliance on human intervention.

    Module 7: Organizational Impact of SRE

    • Discusses the elements of organizational aspects that impact SRE adoption, including executive support, funding, good working relationships, and organizational scaling activities.
    • Discusses SRE and its relationships with other frameworks (Agile, DevOps, ITSM).
    • Examines trends occurring in SRE (including the evolution of the Network and Database Reliability Engineers (NRE/DBRE), as well as Customer Reliability Engineer (CRE), & Heritage Reliability Engineer (HRE)) and the concept of Observability

    Bloom's Taxonomy, SRE & DevOps, Metrics (MTTD, MTTR, MTRS), etc (Additional Info)

    • Explains the basics of SRE's connection to DevOps and its application to various contexts like organizational models, metrics, and how to implement various tools, strategies, and methodologies.

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