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Questions and Answers
How many ethnic groups are estimated to exist in the Philippines?
At least 106 ethnic groups.
Which of the following is NOT a basis for ethnic identity in the Philippines?
There are 172 languages spoken in the Philippines, including foreign languages.
True
What percentage of the Philippine population is Roman Catholic according to the 2010 Census?
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What do the Tagalog people identify as?
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Match the ethnic groups to their environmental setting:
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Which group is considered the first inhabitants of the Philippines?
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How many ethnic groups does the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) identify in the Philippines?
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What primary criterion is used to categorize ethnic groups in the Philippines?
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What percentage of the Philippine population is Roman Catholic according to the 2010 Census?
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What is the total number of languages spoken in the Philippines?
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What cultural items are found among various Philippine ethnic groups?
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The ____ were the first inhabitants of the Philippines.
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Match the following ethnic groups with their corresponding environmental setting:
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Study Notes
Ethnic Groups in the Philippines
- There is no definitive count of ethnic groups in the Philippines, as some have formed and vanished over time.
- The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) recognizes 110 indigenous groups in the Philippines.
- Indigenous groups are those who have relatively maintained their traditional beliefs and practices and are distinct from the mainstream Philippine society.
- Ethnic identity is based on various factors, including:
- Language: The Philippines has 172 languages with 169 indigenous languages (168 spoken, 1 visual: Filipino Sign Language)
- Domicile: Mountain, coastal, or forest peoples
- Phenotypic Characteristics: Primarily Negrito (aboriginal) and Austronesians.
- Religion: 81% Roman Catholic, 6% Muslim, 3% Evangelicals, 2% Iglesia ni Cristo, 8% others.
- Culture Traits: Costumes, body decoration, musical instruments, weapons, ritual practices.
- Ancestry/Migration History: Negritos were the first inhabitants (c. 30,000 years BP) and Austronesians arrived later (c. 2500 BC).
Environmental Setting of Ethnic Groups
- The names of many ethnic groups relate to their location:
-
Water-Based:
- Tagalog (river people)
- Kapampangan (coast people)
- Tausug (current people)
- Iraya Mangyan (upstream people)
- Meranao (lake people)
- Sama Dilaut (sea people)
-
Mountain:
- Bukidnon (mountain people)
- Igorot (ridge people)
- Remontado (mountain retreaters)
- Tinguian (highland people)
- Bontok (mountain)
- Tao't Bato (stone cave people)
-
Forest:
- Ikalahan (forest people)
- Gubatnon (forest people)
-
Water-Based:
Major Ethnic Groups
- The 2000 Census of Population and Housing identified major ethnic groups:
- Tagalog (28.16%) - Metro Manila area
- Cebuano (23.12%) - Central Philippines
- Ilocano (9.07%) - Northwestern Luzon Islands
- Hiligaynon (7.57%) - Visayas central Philippines
- Bikol (6.01%) - southern Luzon
- Waray (3.36%) - Eastern Visayas
- Kapampangan…
Gong Culture
- Gongs are musical instruments found throughout the Philippines:
- Flat brass gongs are found in Luzon (northern Philippines).
- Bost gongs are found in Visayas and Mindanao (central Philippines).
- Some gongs use a human jawbone as a handle, referencing head-taking practices in Northern Luzon.
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Description
Explore the rich tapestry of ethnic groups in the Philippines, where over 110 indigenous communities maintain their unique traditions and beliefs. This quiz delves into the factors that shape ethnic identity, such as language, domicile, religion, and cultural practices. Discover the diversity that defines this archipelago and its people.
