Questions and Answers
What is an ethnic group?
A group of people who share certain background characteristics such as common ancestry, geographical origin, language, religion, and culture.
What does defining ethnicity involve?
It involves factors like involuntary membership, fluid identification, and different traits for different ethnic groups.
Which of the following are modes of immigrant integration?
What is acculturation?
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What does assimilation involve?
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What is segmented assimilation?
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What does Spatial Assimilation Theory propose?
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What factors are associated with spatial assimilation?
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What is an ethnic enclave?
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What are some pros of ethnic enclaves?
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What are some cons of ethnic enclaves?
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What are the types of ethnic neighborhood typology?
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What characterizes an immigrant enclave?
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What is a community of constraint?
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What defines a resurgent community?
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What are immigrant neighborhoods like?
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Where are the ethnic enclaves located?
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What trends are seen in immigrant dispersion?
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What factors contributed to the diversity of migration destinations?
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Study Notes
Ethnic Groups
- Defined as people sharing common ancestry, geographical origin, language, religion, and culture.
- Often act as minority groups within larger societies, contributing to a distinct identity and sense of belonging.
Defining Ethnicity
- Membership is typically involuntary, but identification varies and can be fluid.
- Different ethnic groups may identify based on religion, origin, language, or cultural traits.
- The distinction between race and ethnicity can be ambiguous.
Modes of Immigrant Integration
- Types include Acculturation, Assimilation, and Segmented Assimilation.
Acculturation
- Involves ethnic groups adopting enough of the host society’s culture to function socially and economically.
Assimilation
- Represents a complete blending with the host culture, often including intermarriage.
Segmented Assimilation
- Integration outcomes differ based on migrant resources and local context, leading to varying experiences in adopting the host culture.
Segment Assimilation Details
- Assimilation can result in various forms: upward mobility and traditional assimilation, downward mobility into an isolated underclass, or maintained upward mobility within co-ethnic communities.
Spatial Assimilation Theory (Portes and Rumbaut)
- Ethnic concentration is seen as a temporary stage in spatial incorporation.
- Persistent regional concentration can exist alongside spatial assimilation; migration inflows can maintain demographic patterns over time.
Factors Influencing Spatial Assimilation
- The immigration generation impacts assimilation, with distinctions made between first-generation immigrants and their 1.5+ generation offspring.
- Human and financial capital and English language proficiency are significant factors.
Ethnic Enclaves
- Geographically defined spaces characterized by cultural identity and economic activity, examples include Chinatown and Little Italy.
- Immigrants often congregate in enclaves for community building, cultured residence preferences, and due to experiences of discrimination.
Pros of Enclaves
- Facilitate the development of migrant networks and alternative labor markets that reduce cultural and language barriers.
- Provide social support and assist economic mobility.
Cons of Enclaves
- Can isolate immigrants from the host society, hindering language acquisition and access to mainstream opportunities, thereby limiting upward mobility.
Ethnic Neighborhood Typology
- Classifies neighborhoods into three types: Immigrant Enclave, Community of Constraint, and Resurgent Community.
Immigrant Enclave
- Formed through chain migration, often populated by recent low-skill immigrants seeking cultural familiarity and mutual assistance.
Community of Constraint
- Where discrimination limits residential integration for ethnic minorities, contributing to segmented assimilation.
Resurgent Community
- Characterized by high socioeconomic status (SES) immigrants and U.S.-born ethnic minorities who benefit from living among co-ethnics rather than integrating spatially.
Immigrant Neighborhoods
- Immigrant neighborhoods vary in spatial configuration and resource distribution across ethnic groups.
Location of Ethnic Enclaves
- Establishment of ethnic enclaves in specific physical spaces has occurred through various waves of immigration to the U.S.
Immigrant Dispersion
- Immigrants concentrated in top U.S. metro areas decreased from 61% in 1990 to 51% in 2013, while only 26% of the overall U.S. population lived in these areas.
- Dispersion is mainly attributed to new arrivals rather than long-term residents, particularly impacting Mexican immigrants.
Diversity of Migration Destinations
- Massey and Capoferro’s hypothesis suggests that increasing labor demands and changes in border enforcement have contributed to the diversification of migration destinations.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to ethnic groups and ethnicity through this set of flashcards. Discover how shared characteristics such as ancestry, language, and culture shape identity within minority communities. This quiz is an excellent resource for understanding the significance of ethnicity in society.
