Ethiopia's Geography and Resources Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the largest unit of geological time?

  • Eon (correct)
  • Period
  • Epoch
  • Era
  • An epoch is the longest unit of time in the geological time scale.

    False

    What is primarily used to define the divisions in the geological time scale?

    Significant geological events

    The geological time scale is built largely on the basis of _____ and evolution.

    <p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the units of the geological time scale with their order from smallest to largest:

    <p>Epoch = 1 Period = 2 Era = 3 Eon = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the course GeES 1011?

    <p>Geography of Ethiopia and the Horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethiopia's physical and human resources diversity has no impact on its socioeconomic development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four parts of the course GeES 1011?

    <p>Location, physical background, demographic characteristics, economic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the course, the second part introduces the ___________ background and natural resource endowment of Ethiopia.

    <p>physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the course with their focus areas:

    <p>Part 1 = Location, shape, and size of Ethiopia Part 2 = Natural resource endowment Part 3 = Demographic characteristics and implications Part 4 = Economic activities including agriculture and manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following economic sectors is NOT mentioned in the course?

    <p>Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The course was primarily designed for graduate students.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What department provided the basic reference for the course material?

    <p>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies of Addis Ababa University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Ethiopia's area does the Western Highlands and Lowlands physiographic unit cover?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ethiopian highlands receive less than 600 mm of rainfall per year.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major physiographic units identified in Ethiopia?

    <p>The Western highlands and lowlands, the South-eastern highlands and lowlands, and the Rift Valley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ethiopian lowlands are characterized by __________ population densities.

    <p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics to the correct regions of Ethiopia:

    <p>High rainfall (&gt;600 mm) = Ethiopian highlands High prevalence of tropical diseases = Ethiopian lowlands Nomadic economic life = Ethiopian lowlands Rugged topography = Tigray Plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Ethiopian Rift Valley is TRUE?

    <p>It is a lowland region with high temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tigray Plateau is primarily located above 2,000 meters above sea level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological era contributed to the structural divisions found in Ethiopia?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary economic potential of the lowlands mentioned in the content?

    <p>Animal husbandry and irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Rift Valley is a tectonically formed structural elevation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilometers does the Rift Valley extend from the Afar Triangle to Chew Bahir?

    <p>1,700 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The floor of the Rift Valley is made up of interconnected troughs, grabens and __________.

    <p>depressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions with their characteristics:

    <p>Afar Triangle = Largest and widest part of the Rift Valley Main Ethiopian Rift = Middle section of the Rift Valley Chew Bahir Rift = Southern section, known for its lakes Afar and Aisha Horst = Boundaries for the Afar Triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the altitude range of the Afar Triangle?

    <p>300-700 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The climate in the Rift Valley is consistent throughout the region.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communities inhabit the lowlands?

    <p>Pastoral and semi-pastoral communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor contributing to Ethiopia's high potential for hydroelectric power production?

    <p>Great difference in altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The climate of Ethiopia is uniform across the country due to its tropical position.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What terms do the people of Ethiopia use to identify themselves based on their altitude of residence?

    <p>degegnas (mountaineers) and kollegnas (lowlanders)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of the Earth's fresh water is stored in _____ and _____ near the poles.

    <p>glaciers, groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of surface waters with their descriptions:

    <p>Lakes = Large inland bodies of water Rivers = Flowing bodies of freshwater Wetlands = Areas where water covers the soil Atmosphere = Vapor and moisture in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following impacts is associated with steep mountain slopes in Ethiopia?

    <p>Unstable surface materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Moisture surpluses are found in the lowlands of Ethiopia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two significant influences of Ethiopia's relief on its natural vegetation?

    <p>Climate and hydrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethiopia's Geography and Resource Endowment

    • Course Focus: This course examines the implications of Ethiopia's location, shape, size, physical and human resources on its socioeconomic development.

    • Course Structure: The course is divided into four parts:

      • Location and Shape: Provides an overview of Ethiopia's geographical positioning, including basic map reading skills
      • Physical Environment: Covers topics including geology, mineral resources, topography, climate, drainage, water resources, soil, fauna, and flora.
      • Demographics: Focuses on population characteristics and their impact on Ethiopia's economic development.
      • Economic Activities: Explores the various economic activities in Ethiopia, including agriculture, manufacturing, and services, and the impact of globalization on these sectors.

    Geological Time Scale

    • Main Time Units: The geological time scale uses four primary units to measure time:

      • Eons: The largest time period.
      • Eras: Divides eons into smaller units.
      • Periods: Subdivisions within eras.
      • Epochs: The smallest unit, representing millions of years.
    • Time Divisions: Time divisions are based on significant geological events, such as mass extinctions.

    Ethiopian Highlands and Lowlands

    • Highland Characteristics:

      • High rainfall (over 600 mm per year).
      • Lower mean annual temperature due to higher altitude.
      • 22% of Ethiopia's land area.
    • Lowland Characteristics:

      • Lower rainfall and higher temperatures.
      • Higher prevalence of tropical diseases.
      • Lower population densities.
      • Nomadic and semi-nomadic economic activities.
      • Favourable for irrigation agriculture along river basins.

    Physiographic Divisions of Ethiopia

    • Major Divisions: The three main physiographic units are:
      • Western Highlands and Lowlands
      • South-eastern (Eastern) Highlands and Lowlands
      • The Rift Valley

    The Western Highlands and Lowlands

    • Area: Covers approximately 44% of Ethiopia's land area.
    • Subdivisions: Further divided into four highland groups and four lowland groups.
    • Tigray Plateau:
      • Extends from Tekeze gorge to central Eritrean highlands.
      • Contains granite hills, rugged topography, and Ambas (isolated plateau remnants).

    The Rift Valley

    • Formation: Created by tectonic activity and features two major escarpments.
    • Extension: Stretches from the Afar Triangle in the north to Chew Bahir, covering 18% of Ethiopia.
    • Floor: Consists of troughs, grabens, and depressions with volcanic rocks and fluvial and lacustrine deposits.
    • Altitude: Range from 125 meters below sea level at the Dallol Depression to 2,000 meters above sea level.

    The Afar Triangle

    • Size: The largest part of the Rift Valley, comprising 54% of its area.
    • Altitude: Generally low, ranging from 300 to 700 meters.
    • Significance: Contains significant hydroelectric power potential due to altitudinal variation and high rainfall.

    Impacts of Relief

    • Cultural Diversity: Rugged terrain leads to isolation and cultural diversity.
    • Population Differentiation: "Degegnas" (highlanders) vs. "Kollegnas" (lowlanders).
    • Climate Variations: Altitude influences rainfall and temperature which impacts vegetation and agriculture.
    • Soil Variations: Steep slopes promote shallow, unstable soils susceptible to degradation.
    • Vegetation Patterns: Relief indirectly shapes vegetation through its effect on climate and hydrology.

    Drainage Systems and Water Resources

    • Global Distribution: 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, with 97.5% being saline ocean water.
    • Freshwater Sources: Glaciers, groundwater, permafrost, and surface waters like rivers and lakes.
    • Freshwater Distribution: Uneven global distribution, influenced by latitude, climate, and topography.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Ethiopia's geographical positioning and its resource endowment. This quiz covers the implications of location, demographics, and economic activities on the country's development. Understand how geography shapes Ethiopia's socioeconomic landscape.

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