Geography of Ethiopia Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which neighboring country shares the longest boundary line with Ethiopia?

  • Eritrea
  • Kenya
  • Sudan
  • Somalia (correct)

What is the shortest boundary line length that Ethiopia shares with any neighboring country?

  • 840 km
  • 760 km
  • 740 km
  • 310 km (correct)

In which geographical region is Ethiopia situated?

  • Central Africa
  • Southeastern Africa
  • Northeastern Africa (correct)
  • Western Africa

Which of the following bodies of water is located to the south of Ethiopia?

<p>Mediterranean Sea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Ethiopia's absolute location?

<p>It is measured in terms of latitudes and longitudes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does geomorphology primarily focus on?

<p>The distribution and origin of landforms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of physical geography examines the factors that create climate?

<p>Climatology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biogeography deal with?

<p>The patterns of plants and animals distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What subfield of biogeography focuses specifically on plants?

<p>Phytogeography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following studies the distribution of soil types and their agricultural impacts?

<p>Soil geography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of oceanography is primarily studied?

<p>Location and effects of ocean currents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does human geography primarily focus on?

<p>The study of cultural influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subfield of physical geography?

<p>Economics geography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the dominant life form in the Paleozoic Era?

<p>Invertebrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major geomorphic process occurred during the Paleozoic Era in Ethiopia?

<p>Denudation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sedimentary rock was formed during the Triassic Period?

<p>Adigrat sandstone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did the Hintalo limestone form?

<p>Jurassic Period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological activity characterized the Mesozoic Era?

<p>Periods of uplift and sinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chronological order of the periods within the Mesozoic Era?

<p>Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock formation is Upper Sandstone considered?

<p>The youngest sedimentary rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the sea behave during the Cretaceous Period in Ethiopia?

<p>It transgressed and then regressed towards the southeast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the elevation of Mount Tsibet?

<p>3988 m a.m.s.l. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which river bounds the northern side of the Tigrean plateau?

<p>Mereb River (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of soil is primarily found in the Tigrean plateau?

<p>Poor and thin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes the North Central Massif from the central Ethiopian massif?

<p>Presence of deep gorges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plateaus is primarily known for coffee and sorghum production?

<p>The Hararghe Plateaus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main agricultural product produced in the North-Central Massif?

<p>Cereals such as teff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the mountain systems in Gondar and Gojjam with Wollo?

<p>Yeju-Wadla Delanta land bridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest peak on the Arsi Plateau?

<p>Mount Kaka (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which massif is referred to as the most extended tableland in Ethiopia?

<p>Gojjam Massif (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geographical feature bounds the Southeastern Highlands to the south?

<p>Elkerie and Borena Lowlands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological period do the basalts capping the North Central Massif belong to?

<p>Tertiary period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plateau area is known for its wheat production?

<p>The Arsi Plateau (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rivers is sourced from the Southeastern Highlands?

<p>Wabe Shebelle River (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of the Bale Massif in terms of its terrain?

<p>It is characterized by a flat form resembling basaltic plateaus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mountain in the Hararghe region reaches an elevation of 3,381 meters above mean sea level?

<p>Mount Gara Muletta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological feature consistently caps the Southeastern Highlands?

<p>Basaltic rock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of geological formations primarily make up the floor of the Afar Triangle?

<p>Volcanic ash and lava deposits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Central Part of the Ethiopian Rift?

<p>Home to extensive desert regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of the Ethiopian Rift is known as the smallest section?

<p>Chew-Bahir Rift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes the Chew-Bahir Rift region's landscape?

<p>Tall grasses and marshy areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of archaeological significance does the Afar Triangle hold?

<p>Fossil rich sediments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of the Main Ethiopian Rift compared to other regions?

<p>Sedentary farming is practiced here. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rivers are located in the vicinity of the Chew-Bahir Rift region?

<p>Omo and Woito Streams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Baro-Akobo lowland considered the wettest of all lowlands in Ethiopia?

<p>It receives the most rainfall due to its topography. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geomorphology

The study of Earth's features, including landforms, their origins, distribution, and the forces that change them.

Climatology

The study of climate, including factors that influence it, climate variations, distribution, and related causes and effects.

Phytogeography

The study of the distribution of plants across Earth, including how they are affected by climate, soil, and human activities.

Zoogeography

The study of the distribution of animals around the globe, including their migration patterns and the factors influencing their movement.

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Oceanography

The study of the ocean, including ocean currents, waves, tides, and the ocean floor.

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Soil Geography

The study of soil types, their distribution across the world, and their influence on agriculture.

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Human Geography

The study of human aspects of the world, including cultures, population settlement, economic activities, and political systems.

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Biogeography

The study of the distribution of plants and animals across Earth.

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Absolute Location

The precise position of a place on Earth's surface, determined by its latitude and longitude coordinates.

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Relative Location

The geographical position of a place relative to other places, often described by surrounding features or regions.

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Ethiopia's Longest Boundary

Ethiopia shares the longest boundary with Somalia, extending over 1,600 km.

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Ethiopia's Strategic Location

Ethiopia's strategic location is important due to its position in northeastern Africa, near the Nile Basin, and adjacent to significant waterways like the Red Sea and Indian Ocean.

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Ethiopia's Absolute Location

The specific coordinates of Ethiopia's location on Earth, represented by its latitude and longitude.

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Paleozoic Era

The longest era in Earth's history, spanning from 541 million to 251.9 million years ago, marked by the rise and diversification of marine invertebrates, the expansion of life onto land, and the first appearances of vertebrates and insects.

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What life form was dominant in the Paleozoic era?

The dominance of invertebrates - think creatures like trilobites and ancient corals.

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Denudation

The process of wearing down and smoothing out land by weathering and erosion.

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Tigrean Plateau

The Tigrean Plateau is the most northerly plateau in Ethiopia, located between the Mereb River in the north and the Tekezze River in the south. It's known for its high mountains exceeding 3000 meters, sparse soils due to erosion, and a history of human inhabitation.

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Mount Tsibet

Mount Tsibet, with an elevation reaching 3988 meters, is a towering peak within the Tigrean Plateau.

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Peneplanation

The process by which a landmass is worn down to a nearly flat, featureless plain.

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Inselbergs

Isolated, rocky hills or mountains that stand above a relatively flat plain, often formed by erosion and weathering.

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Mount Ambalage

Mount Ambalage, sitting at an elevation of 3291 meters, is another notable mountain in the Tigrean Plateau.

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Mount Assimba

Mount Assimba, standing at 3248 meters, is another high mountain in the Tigrean Plateau.

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Mesozoic Era

The era that followed the Paleozoic, spanning from 251.9 million to 66 million years ago, marked by the rise of dinosaurs, the emergence of mammals, and the break-up of Pangaea.

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What life form was dominant in the Mesozoic era?

The dominance of dinosaurs and the first appearances of birds and flowering plants.

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North Central Massif

The North Central Massif is a distinct region in Ethiopia, located between the Abbay Gorge and the Tekezze Gorge. It encompasses the highlands of Gondar, Gojjam, and Wollo and is known for its rugged terrain and deep river valleys.

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Epeirogenesis

A process that involves slow vertical movements (uplifting or sinking) of a large area of Earth's crust.

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Ambas

Ambas are small, isolated areas of arable land within the North Central Massif, surrounded by deep gorges. They're important for agriculture in this area.

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Yeju-Wadla Delanta Land Bridge

This ridge connects the mountain systems of Gondar and Gojjam in the west with those of Wollo in the east, spanning across a deep gorge. It provides a crucial link between these areas.

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Gojjam Massif

The Gojjam Massif is a large tableland in the North Central Massif, known for its relatively less dissected terrain. It's formed by the Amedamit-Choke mountains and carved by the Abbay River. It's significantly less rugged than the other massifs.

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Hararghe Plateaus

A plateau area in Ethiopia known for its coffee, chat, sorghum, and millet production.

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Arsi Plateau

A plateau known for its wheat production, located in the Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia.

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Bale Massif

A mountainous region adjacent to the Arsi Plateau, known for its barley production.

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Sidama Highlands

A highland region in the Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia, separated from the Bale Highlands by the Genale River valley.

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Rift Valley Fault Line

A fault line that forms the western boundary of the Southeastern Highlands in Ethiopia.

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Ogaden Lowlands

A low-lying region in eastern Ethiopia, bordering the Southeastern Highlands to the east.

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Elkerie and Borena Lowlands

Lowlands located in the south of the Southeastern Highlands, bordering the Bale Massif and the Sidama Highlands.

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Mount Gara Muletta & Mount Jebel Tita

Two prominent mountains located on the Hararghe Plateaus.

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What is a Graben?

A geological structure formed by the sinking of a block of the Earth's crust between two parallel faults, resulting in a long, narrow depression.

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What is the Ethiopian Rift Valley?

A tectonic area in eastern Africa characterized by volcanic activity and rift valleys. This area includes the Afar Triangle, the Main Ethiopian Rift, and the Chew-Bahir Rift.

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What is the Afar Triangle?

A volcanic area in Ethiopia known for its unique geological features and rich fossil sites. It is characterized by grabens, volcanic ash and lava deposits, and volcanic mountains.

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What is the Main Ethiopian Rift?

A region in Ethiopia extending from the lower Awash basin to Lake Chamo. It is recognized for its high elevation, narrow valleys, abundant vegetation, and dense population.

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What is the Chew-Bahir Rift?

A region in southern Ethiopia known for its shallow marshlands and pastoralist population. This area is smaller than the Main Ethiopian Rift and separated by the Konso Highlands.

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How is the Chew-Bahir Rift divided?

The Chew-Bahir Rift is split into two separate valley sections by the Amaro Mountain Range.

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What are some defining geological features of the Afar Triangle?

Volcanic mountains, ash deposits, lava flows, and sedimentary rocks rich with fossils are found in this area.

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Why is the Afar Triangle important for archaeology?

This area is important for its archeological significance due to its rich fossils and evidence of early hominids.

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Study Notes

Unit One: Geological History and Topography of Ethiopia

  • Ethiopia is located in northeastern Africa, with a total area of 1,106,000 square kilometers.
  • Ethiopia's absolute location is between 3°N and 15°N latitudes, and 33°E and 48°E longitudes.
  • Ethiopia shares borders with six neighboring countries.
  • The total length of Ethiopia's boundary lines is 5,260 km.
  • Ethiopia shares the longest boundary line with Somalia.
  • Djibouti shares the shortest boundary line with Ethiopia.

Meaning of Geography

  • Geography combines the Greek words "Geo" (earth) and "Graphos" (writing).
  • Eratosthenes defined geography as the description of the Earth.
  • Alexander Von Humboldt considered geography a synthesizing discipline linking the general with the particular using measurement, mapping, and regional emphasis.
  • Hartshorne defined geography as the science describing distributions on Earth's surface in an accurate and organized way.
  • Geography studies the Earth's surface, its features, human interaction with the environment, and the dynamic nature of the disciplines.

Scope of Geography

  • Geography has a wide scope, encompassing both physical and human aspects of Earth.
  • Geography explores factors influencing physical and human environments, including their causes, effects, and interactions at various geographic scales.
  • This includes the hydrosphere (water), atmosphere, lithosphere (land), biosphere (life), and anthroposphere (human impact).
  • Geography also examines economic, social, and political issues and modern technologies. 

Branches of Geography

  • Geography is divided into physical and human geography.
  • Physical geography studies natural features like landforms, climate, and resources.
  • Human geography studies human interactions with Earth, covering areas like cultural, population, economic, political, and urban geography.

Location, Size, and Shape of Ethiopia

  • The relative location of Ethiopia is in northeastern Africa, in relation to other African countries.
  • Relative location also considers its position in relation to other continents and bodies of water.
  • Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa region near the Red Sea route.
  • The size of Ethiopia is 1,106,000 square kilometers.
  • This size is significant in terms of socioeconomic and political context, and potential for a variety of natural resources and diverse climates.
  • The shape of Ethiopia is generally compact (or nearly circular), unlike other countries whose shapes might be elongated or fragmented.
  • Shape is relevant to aspects of defense, administration, governance, and overall development in a country.

Geological History of Ethiopia

  • The geological time scale measures Earth's history, divided into four major eras (Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic), with periods within the eras.
  • Geological processes like endogenic forces (earthquakes, volcanoes) and exogenic forces (weathering, erosion) shape Ethiopia's physical features.
  • Ethiopia's geological history encompasses varied geological events (like tectonic activity, volcanic eruptions, sedimentary depositions).
  • Different eras and their consequent processes have led to distinct landforms visible in Ethiopia's various regions.

Landforms of Ethiopia

  • Ethiopia's landforms represent a combination of endogenic (internal) and exogenic (external) processes.  
  • The country is characterized by several major physiographic regions (e.g. western highlands, southeastern highlands, rift valleys).  
  • Each physiographic area is marked by unique topographic features, elevations, and resultant environmental variations (e.g., mountains, plateaus, rivers, valleys).

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Grade 9 Geography PDF - Ethiopia

Description

Test your knowledge on the geographic features and borders of Ethiopia. This quiz covers various aspects such as location, climate, physical geography, and biogeography. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand Ethiopia's geographical significance.

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