Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the core teaching of Abba Ewostatewos?
What was the core teaching of Abba Ewostatewos?
- Fostering unity within the monarch's kingdom
- Encouraging participation in court judiciary
- Observing Sabbath on Sunday (correct)
- Emphasizing poverty and independence from secular authorities
Which group emerged as anti-Ewostatewos and had the support of the Abun and the monarch?
Which group emerged as anti-Ewostatewos and had the support of the Abun and the monarch?
- Aqabe-Se‟at Sereqe Birhan in Hayq Monastery (correct)
- Monastic community led by Bekimos
- Estifanosites under Abba Estifanos
- Deqiqe Estifanos movement
Why did Zara-Yaqob clash with the Estifanosites?
Why did Zara-Yaqob clash with the Estifanosites?
- Due to their refusal to participate in court judiciary
- Because they embraced royal supremacy in spiritual matters (correct)
- Due to their firm belief in peace and unity
- For supporting the veneration of St. Mary
What was Emperor Zara-Yaqob's highest ideal for Ethiopian society?
What was Emperor Zara-Yaqob's highest ideal for Ethiopian society?
What did Emperor Zara-Yaqob urge the clergy to do in remote areas?
What did Emperor Zara-Yaqob urge the clergy to do in remote areas?
What action did the Estifanosites take to reintegrate into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church?
What action did the Estifanosites take to reintegrate into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church?
What was the role of Abba Iyesus-Mo'a in the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia?
What was the role of Abba Iyesus-Mo'a in the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia?
Which of the following areas was not evangelized by Abune Tekle-Haymanot?
Which of the following areas was not evangelized by Abune Tekle-Haymanot?
What was the significance of the rise of Adal in the Muslim Sultanate?
What was the significance of the rise of Adal in the Muslim Sultanate?
Which of the following regions was not evangelized by Bishop Yaqob?
Which of the following regions was not evangelized by Bishop Yaqob?
What was the significance of the establishment of the royal prison at Amba Gishen?
What was the significance of the establishment of the royal prison at Amba Gishen?
Which of the following was not a factor in the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia?
Which of the following was not a factor in the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia?
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Study Notes
The Ewostatewos Movement
- Established by Abba Ewostatewos in Sara'e (present-day Eritrea) in the 13th century
- Emphasized the strict observance of Sabbath on Saturday
- Abba Ewostatewos fled to Egypt due to opposition, but his followers returned from Armenia and continued the movement
- Spread to Enfranz, northern Tigray, and Hamessen
- Led to the emergence of an anti-Ewostatewos group supported by the Abun and the monarch
The Estifanosites
- Founded by Abba Estifanos, born in Agame
- Emphasized poverty, absolute self-subsistence, equality, and independence from secular authorities
- Initially supported by Atse Takla Maryam but later clashed with Zara-Yaqob over royal power and spiritual matters
- Zara-Yaqob took harsh measures against the Estifanosites, but Naod was favorable to them
- The Estifanosites eventually reintegrated into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC) during Bishop Yeshaq's tenure
The Religious Reforms of Zara-Yaqob
- Emperor Zara-Yaqob (r. 1434-1468) aimed to stabilize and consolidate the Orthodox Church
- Assimilated pagan subjects into the Christian community and created a religiously homogeneous society
- Reforms included:
- Settling conflicts among the Ethiopian clergy to create a church-state union
- Reviving Sabbath in the Ethiopian church, leading to the Ewostatians receiving Holy orders from Ethiopian prelates
- Encouraging the clergy to preach Christianity in remote areas
- Ordering people to observe fasting on Wednesday and Friday and to get Father Confessors
- Abolishing pagan worship practices
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