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Questions and Answers
Widim-Ra’ad established a 'royal prison' at Amba-Gishen, a massif located in ______
Widim-Ra’ad established a 'royal prison' at Amba-Gishen, a massif located in ______
Wollo
All male members of the royalty were detained there and guarded by the loyal ______
All male members of the royalty were detained there and guarded by the loyal ______
soldiers
Amba-Gishen was destroyed by Imam Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Ghazi's force in ______
Amba-Gishen was destroyed by Imam Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Ghazi's force in ______
1540
When the monarch died, court dignitaries would send an army to the prison to escort the designated successor and put him on the ______
When the monarch died, court dignitaries would send an army to the prison to escort the designated successor and put him on the ______
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Territorial Expansion was one of unique features of ‘Solomonic’ state from 1270 to ______
Territorial Expansion was one of unique features of ‘Solomonic’ state from 1270 to ______
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Initially, the center of the “restored” dynasty was in medieval Amhara (South Wollo) around Lake ______
Initially, the center of the “restored” dynasty was in medieval Amhara (South Wollo) around Lake ______
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_______ rose to prominence in the 15th century and continued until the 16th.
_______ rose to prominence in the 15th century and continued until the 16th.
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Estifanosites emphasized _______, absolute self-subsistence, equality.
Estifanosites emphasized _______, absolute self-subsistence, equality.
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Estifanosites rejected royal supremacy and authority in spiritual matters, and refused to participate in court _______.
Estifanosites rejected royal supremacy and authority in spiritual matters, and refused to participate in court _______.
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Zara-Yacob took very harsh measures against the Estifanosites allegedly for their opposition of the veneration of _______.
Zara-Yacob took very harsh measures against the Estifanosites allegedly for their opposition of the veneration of _______.
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Emperor Zara-Yaqob introduced Religious Reform by settling the conflict among the Ethiopian clergy towards the creation of a suitable _______.
Emperor Zara-Yaqob introduced Religious Reform by settling the conflict among the Ethiopian clergy towards the creation of a suitable _______.
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Zara-Yaqob urged the clergy to preach Christianity in remote areas and ordered the people to observe fasting on _______ and Fridays.
Zara-Yaqob urged the clergy to preach Christianity in remote areas and ordered the people to observe fasting on _______ and Fridays.
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Abune Tekle-Haymanot played a key role in reviving Christianity in Shewa and southern Ethiopia, including medieval Damot. He baptized and converted Motalami to ______.
Abune Tekle-Haymanot played a key role in reviving Christianity in Shewa and southern Ethiopia, including medieval Damot. He baptized and converted Motalami to ______.
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Monasticism became a dominant practice in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in the mid-thirteenth century. The Ewostatewos Movement was named after the founder, Abba Ewostatewos, who established his own monastic community in Sara'e, Eritrea, and taught until about ______.
Monasticism became a dominant practice in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in the mid-thirteenth century. The Ewostatewos Movement was named after the founder, Abba Ewostatewos, who established his own monastic community in Sara'e, Eritrea, and taught until about ______.
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The Ewostatewos Movement taught the strict observance of the ______.
The Ewostatewos Movement taught the strict observance of the ______.
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The Ewostatewos Movement spread to areas like Enfranz, Tigray, and ______.
The Ewostatewos Movement spread to areas like Enfranz, Tigray, and ______.
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Aqabe-Se’at Sereqe-Birhan, the abbot of the Hayq Monastery, led the anti-Ewostatewos group supported by the abun and the ______.
Aqabe-Se’at Sereqe-Birhan, the abbot of the Hayq Monastery, led the anti-Ewostatewos group supported by the abun and the ______.
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The monarch feared that dispute in the church could divide his kingdom; therefore, he imprisoned some of the ______.
The monarch feared that dispute in the church could divide his kingdom; therefore, he imprisoned some of the ______.
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Ifat was established around 1380 by the Walasma family who realized that Ifat was becoming an easy target to the Christian Kingdom due to its ______
Ifat was established around 1380 by the Walasma family who realized that Ifat was becoming an easy target to the Christian Kingdom due to its ______
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Ifat first centered at Dakar, located southeast of Harar, and then consolidated its power in Harar began another phase of military campaigns against the frontiers of the Christian ______
Ifat first centered at Dakar, located southeast of Harar, and then consolidated its power in Harar began another phase of military campaigns against the frontiers of the Christian ______
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The center of Adal in 1520 changed to the city of ______
The center of Adal in 1520 changed to the city of ______
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Because of the Oromo pressure, in 1566/7 Adal changed its capital to Awsa, the present Afar ______
Because of the Oromo pressure, in 1566/7 Adal changed its capital to Awsa, the present Afar ______
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Zeila was the main outlet to the sea during the medieval period. The ambition to control Zeila trade route and commodities that passed through Zeila led to rivalry between the 'Solomonic' rulers and the Sultanate of ______
Zeila was the main outlet to the sea during the medieval period. The ambition to control Zeila trade route and commodities that passed through Zeila led to rivalry between the 'Solomonic' rulers and the Sultanate of ______
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The first recorded conflict between the Christian Kingdom and Ifat took place in ______
The first recorded conflict between the Christian Kingdom and Ifat took place in ______
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In 1437/8, Zara-Yaqob wrote a friendly letter to Sultan Barsbay requesting the protection of Christians in ______.
In 1437/8, Zara-Yaqob wrote a friendly letter to Sultan Barsbay requesting the protection of Christians in ______.
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The Sultan is said to have sent a piece of the 'True Cross' and in return, Dawitis said to have given a number of religious paintings to the ______.
The Sultan is said to have sent a piece of the 'True Cross' and in return, Dawitis said to have given a number of religious paintings to the ______.
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The Ethiopian delegation attended Gian Galeazzo Visconti’s coronation in Milan in ______.
The Ethiopian delegation attended Gian Galeazzo Visconti’s coronation in Milan in ______.
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In 1418, three Ethiopians attended the Council of ______.
In 1418, three Ethiopians attended the Council of ______.
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The earliest known message to Ethiopia from a European monarch is the letter of King Henry IV of England dated ______ A.D.
The earliest known message to Ethiopia from a European monarch is the letter of King Henry IV of England dated ______ A.D.
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Patriarch Yohannes XI wrote Zara-Yaqob a letter stating the demolition of the famous church of Mitmaq (Debre-Mitmaq).Three years later, however, Zara-Yaqob sent an envoy to Sultan Jaqmaq (1438-53) with a strongly worded ______.
Patriarch Yohannes XI wrote Zara-Yaqob a letter stating the demolition of the famous church of Mitmaq (Debre-Mitmaq).Three years later, however, Zara-Yaqob sent an envoy to Sultan Jaqmaq (1438-53) with a strongly worded ______.
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Study Notes
Solomonic Dynasty
- Widim-Ra'ad established a 'royal prison' at Amba-Gishen, a massif located in Ethiopia.
- All male members of the royalty were detained there and guarded by the loyal nobility.
- Amba-Gishen was destroyed by Imam Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Ghazi's force in 1543.
Territorial Expansion
- Territorial Expansion was one of the unique features of the 'Solomonic' state from 1270 to 1500.
- Initially, the center of the “restored” dynasty was in medieval Amhara (South Wollo) around Lake Tana.
Estifanosites
- Estifanosites rose to prominence in the 15th century and continued until the 16th.
- They emphasized absolute self-subsistence, equality, and rejected royal supremacy and authority in spiritual matters.
Zara-Yaqob's Reforms
- Zara-Yaqob took very harsh measures against the Estifanosites allegedly for their opposition of the veneration of the Virgin Mary.
- Emperor Zara-Yaqob introduced Religious Reform by settling the conflict among the Ethiopian clergy towards the creation of a suitable church.
- Zara-Yaqob urged the clergy to preach Christianity in remote areas and ordered the people to observe fasting on Wednesdays and Fridays.
Christianity in Ethiopia
- Abune Tekle-Haymanot played a key role in reviving Christianity in Shewa and southern Ethiopia, including medieval Damot.
- He baptized and converted Motalami to Christianity.
- Monasticism became a dominant practice in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in the mid-thirteenth century.
Ewostatewos Movement
- The Ewostatewos Movement was named after the founder, Abba Ewostatewos, who established his own monastic community in Sara'e, Eritrea, and taught until about 1350.
- The Ewostatewos Movement taught the strict observance of the Sabbath.
- The Ewostatewos Movement spread to areas like Enfranz, Tigray, and Shewa.
- Aqabe-Se'at Sereqe-Birhan, the abbot of the Hayq Monastery, led the anti-Ewostatewos group supported by the abun and the monarch.
Ifat Sultanate
- Ifat was established around 1380 by the Walasma family who realized that Ifat was becoming an easy target to the Christian Kingdom due to its proximity to the Christian border.
- Ifat first centered at Dakar, located southeast of Harar, and then consolidated its power in Harar began another phase of military campaigns against the frontiers of the Christian kingdom.
- The center of Adal in 1520 changed to the city of Harar.
- Because of the Oromo pressure, in 1566/7 Adal changed its capital to Awsa, the present Afar Region.
Zeila Trade Route
- Zeila was the main outlet to the sea during the medieval period.
- The ambition to control Zeila trade route and commodities that passed through Zeila led to rivalry between the 'Solomonic' rulers and the Sultanate of Adal.
Diplomatic Relations
- The first recorded conflict between the Christian Kingdom and Ifat took place in 1399.
- In 1437/8, Zara-Yaqob wrote a friendly letter to Sultan Barsbay requesting the protection of Christians in Egypt.
- The Sultan is said to have sent a piece of the 'True Cross' and in return, Dawit II said to have given a number of religious paintings to the Sultan.
- The Ethiopian delegation attended Gian Galeazzo Visconti’s coronation in Milan in 1390.
- In 1418, three Ethiopians attended the Council of Constance.
- The earliest known message to Ethiopia from a European monarch is the letter of King Henry IV of England dated 1400 A.D.
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Description
Learn about Ethiopian Christianity during the 15th century, including its emphasis on poverty, self-subsistence, and rejection of royal authority. Explore the conflicts between Zara-Yacob and Naod with the Estifanosites.
