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Ethics Theories Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary principle of egoism and its main weakness?

Egoism promotes acting in one's own best interest, but its main weakness lies in justifying harmful actions, leading to a lack of trust in relationships.

How does hedonism view pleasure, and what is its potential downside?

Hedonism considers pleasure as the highest good; however, if misunderstood, it can lead to greed and a lack of ambition.

Describe the core idea of utilitarianism and its limitation.

Utilitarianism is based on creating the greatest happiness for the greatest number; its limitation is that it's often impossible to make everyone happy.

What is the essence of situation ethics?

Situation ethics focuses on doing the most loving action depending on the context of the situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does Sikh ethics advocate for, and what is its primary strength?

Sikh ethics advocates for selfless service (sewa) and emphasizes community and honesty as strengths. Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundational belief of Confucianism regarding societal order?

Confucianism posits that societal order begins with national order and emphasizes moral integrity within leadership. Signup and view all the answers

Identify a strength of utilitarianism and its challenge.

A strength of utilitarianism is that it aims to bring happiness to the majority, but its challenge is determining what actions will produce that happiness. Signup and view all the answers

List two strengths of Sikh ethics conduct.

Sikh ethics promotes selflessness and honest work while fostering a sense of community among equals. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Egoism

Focuses on self-interest
The right action benefits the individual
Alexander the Great, a historical example
Thebes, a city conquered by Alexander

Hedonism

Pleasure is the highest good
Epicurus, a philosopher, was a proponent
Ataraxia (tranquility/peace of mind) is a key aspect
Promotes safety and security, avoiding risk
Can lead to greed and overindulgence, if misunderstood

Utilitarianism

Maximizes happiness for the greatest number
Jeremy Bentham, an important figure
Difficult to calculate ideal outcome always
Brings happiness to the majority, focusing on the overall benefit

Situation Ethics

Moral decisions depend on the unique situation
Joseph Fletcher, a key figure
Balancing needs of all stakeholders
Love for neighbor, whether liked or not

Sikh Ethics

Peace achieved through selfless service (sewa)
Guru Nanak, a key figure
Includes physical, mental, and material service, in their daily lives
Striving for a community of equals, values honesty, and hard work (kirat karni)

Confucianism

Order through a hierarchy, starting with the family
To put the world in order, we must put our nation into order.
Respect for parents crucial
Mourning for three years following the death of parents is important

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Description

This quiz covers key theories of ethics including egoism, hedonism, utilitarianism, situation ethics, and Sikh ethics. Each theory is explained through its principles and notable figures, offering insight into moral decision-making and the pursuit of well-being. Test your understanding of these ethical frameworks and their implications.