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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of normative ethics?
What is the main focus of normative ethics?
Which term is analyzed by metaethics?
Which term is analyzed by metaethics?
What does ethical relativism emphasize?
What does ethical relativism emphasize?
According to situational ethics, moral differences are based on:
According to situational ethics, moral differences are based on:
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Which approach to moral differences suggests that there is one universal moral truth?
Which approach to moral differences suggests that there is one universal moral truth?
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What is the main principle of the categorical imperative approach?
What is the main principle of the categorical imperative approach?
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Which ethical theory focuses on measuring the morality of an action based on its consequences?
Which ethical theory focuses on measuring the morality of an action based on its consequences?
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'Moral subjectivism' refers to the idea that:
'Moral subjectivism' refers to the idea that:
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According to Utilitarianism, what defines a morally good action?
According to Utilitarianism, what defines a morally good action?
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What distinguishes man from animals according to the text?
What distinguishes man from animals according to the text?
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In ethical decision-making, which aspect does the Divine Command Theory emphasize?
In ethical decision-making, which aspect does the Divine Command Theory emphasize?
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What does Hedonism primarily focus on in terms of value?
What does Hedonism primarily focus on in terms of value?
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According to Peter Drucker, what is the primary role of an enterprise in society?
According to Peter Drucker, what is the primary role of an enterprise in society?
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What is the essence of business ethics?
What is the essence of business ethics?
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What is the process of moral reasoning in business?
What is the process of moral reasoning in business?
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What are the characteristics of a good moral standard?
What are the characteristics of a good moral standard?
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What is the role of moral judgment in resolving ethical issues?
What is the role of moral judgment in resolving ethical issues?
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How should business organizations view their ethical obligations to society?
How should business organizations view their ethical obligations to society?
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Study Notes
Moral Theories
- The Categorical Imperative Approach emphasizes that one should always base their actions on maxims or rules that are believed to be universal.
- Moral goodness or badness of an act does not depend on the consequences of the act but on the motive or intention of the actor.
Divine Command Theory
- The standard of right and wrong is the will or law of God.
- Examples include Christian ethics, which are based on the Bible.
Teleological Ethics
- Also known as the Consequentialist Theory.
- Measures the morality of an action based on the consequences.
- If the consequence is good, regardless of the motive, the act is always morally good.
- Examples:
- Hedonism: all and only pleasure has worth or value, and all and only pain has disvalue.
- Utilitarianism: the greatest good is the greatest happiness or pleasure of the greatest number.
Moral Sense
- The difference between humans and animals is that humans have a moral perception.
- Humans have a natural insight to morality and a concept of good or bad.
- Moral sense is native to all persons regardless of race, religion, culture, education, and creed.
Business Ethics
- Business organizations are not just created to make profits but to consider their moral and social obligations to stakeholders.
- The essence of business ethics provides a framework for the resolution of moral issues and problems.
Moral Reasoning in Business
- Moral reasoning is a process in which ethical issues and problems are benchmarked against a moral standard.
- Characteristics of a good moral standard include:
- Looks at the issue as something that is very serious.
- Grounded on good moral argument, with no room for loopholes and counterarguments.
- Objective and not subjective.
Normative Ethics
- 3 tasks of normative ethics:
- To form into a related whole the various norms, rules, and values of a society's morality.
- To find the basic principle from which the particular norm can be derived.
- To justify an ethical norm or moral principle.
Methaethics
- Branch of normative ethics concerned with the analysis and meaning of terms like "good", "bad", "moral", "immoral", and "moral obligation".
- Does not evaluate beliefs nor evaluate the process of moral reasoning but simply analyzes the usage and meaning of words.
Problem of Ethical Relativism and Situation Ethics
- Ethical Relativism:
- Claims that when any two cultures or individuals hold different moral values of an action, both can be right.
- An action may be right for one person or society but wrong for another, however, both can be equally correct.
- Situation Ethics:
- Emphasizes moral differences based on personal beliefs and convictions.
Approaches to Moral Differences
- There is no moral truth (Moral Nihilism).
- There is no universal truth.
- Deep down, we can find basic moral truth.
- There is one universal moral truth.
- We cannot know whether or not there is moral truth (Moral Subjectivism).
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Description
Test your knowledge on ethical theories such as categorical imperative and divine command theory. Explore key concepts like universal rules, moral intentions, and divine will in determining ethical actions.
