Ethics Theories

Ethics

Virtue Ethics

• Focuses on the character of the individual, rather than rules or consequences
• Emphasizes the development of virtues, such as compassion, honesty, and fairness
• Key concept: "eudaimonia" (flourishing or living a good life)
• Influential philosophers: Aristotle, Alasdair MacIntyre

Deontology

• Focuses on duties and obligations, rather than consequences or virtues
• Emphasizes the importance of respecting moral rules and principles
• Key concept: "categorical imperative" (act as if the rule you follow would become a universal law)
• Influential philosophers: Immanuel Kant, Thomas Nagel

Care Ethics

• Focuses on the importance of empathy, care, and compassion in moral decision-making
• Emphasizes the value of interpersonal relationships and care for others
• Key concept: "care" as a fundamental moral value
• Influential philosophers: Carol Gilligan, Nel Noddings

Moral Absolutism

• Holds that certain actions are always right or wrong, regardless of circumstances
• Emphasizes the importance of moral rules and principles over individual circumstances
• Key concept: "moral absolutism" (certain actions are always right or wrong)
• Influential philosophers: Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas

Utilitarianism

• Focuses on the consequences of actions, aiming to maximize overall happiness or well-being
• Key concept: "greatest happiness principle" (actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number)
• Influential philosophers: Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill