Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Kant, for an action to have true moral worth, it must be done from ______.
According to Kant, for an action to have true moral worth, it must be done from ______.
duty
According to _______________ , the right action is whichever action maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain for all affected out of all the alternative actions available.
According to _______________ , the right action is whichever action maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain for all affected out of all the alternative actions available.
utilitarianism
Hedonistic utilitarianism is NOT a ______ theory.
Hedonistic utilitarianism is NOT a ______ theory.
deontological
In class, "ethics" was defined as the philosophical study of ______.
In class, "ethics" was defined as the philosophical study of ______.
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Divine command theory is not a moral theory because it only provides us with a list of right actions without telling what makes those actions ______.
Divine command theory is not a moral theory because it only provides us with a list of right actions without telling what makes those actions ______.
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Individual relativism is the view that if an individual thinks that an action is right, then that action is right for ______.
Individual relativism is the view that if an individual thinks that an action is right, then that action is right for ______.
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Act X is right for person S iff act X conforms to the standards of behavior which S ______.
Act X is right for person S iff act X conforms to the standards of behavior which S ______.
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Kant believes that the obligations to keep promises and abstain from suicide are both perfect duties, as it is fundamentally impossible for everyone to consistently break their ______.
Kant believes that the obligations to keep promises and abstain from suicide are both perfect duties, as it is fundamentally impossible for everyone to consistently break their ______.
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Kant argues that the duty to assist those in dire need is an imperfect duty because, even if a world existed where no one helped anyone, we wouldn't want to live in such a ______.
Kant argues that the duty to assist those in dire need is an imperfect duty because, even if a world existed where no one helped anyone, we wouldn't want to live in such a ______.
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According to Kant, a person who performs their duty solely because it is their duty, and for no other reason, possesses a _______________.
According to Kant, a person who performs their duty solely because it is their duty, and for no other reason, possesses a _______________.
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The philosophical view that denies the existence of any correct moral standards or any objective right and wrong is known as ethical ______.
The philosophical view that denies the existence of any correct moral standards or any objective right and wrong is known as ethical ______.
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According to Kant, you should _______________ treat persons as ends in themselves and never as a means merely.
According to Kant, you should _______________ treat persons as ends in themselves and never as a means merely.
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Moral skeptics do not deny that there is a right and wrong, they just deny that we can ever ______ what that right and wrong is.
Moral skeptics do not deny that there is a right and wrong, they just deny that we can ever ______ what that right and wrong is.
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Kant insists that the duty to help people in ______ need is an imperfect duty.
Kant insists that the duty to help people in ______ need is an imperfect duty.
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Always treat persons as ends in themselves and ______ as a means merely.
Always treat persons as ends in themselves and ______ as a means merely.
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Infallible guide theory is not a moral theory, because it does not tell us what it is about right actions that makes them ______.
Infallible guide theory is not a moral theory, because it does not tell us what it is about right actions that makes them ______.
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Ethical relativism is a ______ theory, not a descriptive theory.
Ethical relativism is a ______ theory, not a descriptive theory.
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Moral skepticism is the view that no moral standards can be ______ and hence no moral standards can be known to be true.
Moral skepticism is the view that no moral standards can be ______ and hence no moral standards can be known to be true.
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[Blank] is the uncritical, unreflective, unquestioning acceptance of the moral beliefs one has been taught.
[Blank] is the uncritical, unreflective, unquestioning acceptance of the moral beliefs one has been taught.
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According to hedonistic utilitarianism, an action is right for S provided that it maximizes ______ and minimizes pain for S better than any other alternative.
According to hedonistic utilitarianism, an action is right for S provided that it maximizes ______ and minimizes pain for S better than any other alternative.
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Kant maintains that the only thing good without qualification is a good ______.
Kant maintains that the only thing good without qualification is a good ______.
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According to hedonistic utilitarianism, breaking a promise is morally right whenever doing so would maximize ______ for all affected in the long run.
According to hedonistic utilitarianism, breaking a promise is morally right whenever doing so would maximize ______ for all affected in the long run.
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According to Kant, the duty to develop one's talents is an ______ duty.
According to Kant, the duty to develop one's talents is an ______ duty.
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Ethical objectivism is the view that there are ______ facts of the matter in ethics.
Ethical objectivism is the view that there are ______ facts of the matter in ethics.
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According to the hedonistic utilitarian, the only thing intrinsically bad is ______.
According to the hedonistic utilitarian, the only thing intrinsically bad is ______.
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According to infallible guide theory there is an ______ moral standard that is not affected or altered by God's commands
According to infallible guide theory there is an ______ moral standard that is not affected or altered by God's commands
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According to divine command theory, certain acts are right because God ______ them.
According to divine command theory, certain acts are right because God ______ them.
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According to the ______ approach to ethics, the right action is the action with the best consequences out of all the available actions.
According to the ______ approach to ethics, the right action is the action with the best consequences out of all the available actions.
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According to Kant, the duty to help people in dire need is a(n) ______ duty.
According to Kant, the duty to help people in dire need is a(n) ______ duty.
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Kant's ethics provides a(n) ______ approach to ethics.
Kant's ethics provides a(n) ______ approach to ethics.
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Flashcards
Kant's Moral Worth
Kant's Moral Worth
An action has true moral worth if done from duty, not just in accordance with duty.
Divine Command Theory
Divine Command Theory
A theory stating moral actions are based on God's commands but does not explain their rightness.
Utilitarianism Definition
Utilitarianism Definition
The right action is whichever maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain for all affected.
Individual Relativism
Individual Relativism
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Hedonistic Utilitarianism
Hedonistic Utilitarianism
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Deontological Theory
Deontological Theory
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Ethics Definition
Ethics Definition
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Non-Moral Theory
Non-Moral Theory
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Perfect Duties
Perfect Duties
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Imperfect Duties
Imperfect Duties
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Good Will
Good Will
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Ethical Nihilism
Ethical Nihilism
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Respect for Persons
Respect for Persons
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Kant's Categorical Imperative
Kant's Categorical Imperative
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Moral Skepticism
Moral Skepticism
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Promise-Keeping
Promise-Keeping
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Infallible guide theory
Infallible guide theory
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Ethical relativism
Ethical relativism
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Moral dogmatism
Moral dogmatism
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Kant's ethics
Kant's ethics
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Imperfect duty
Imperfect duty
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Ethical objectivism
Ethical objectivism
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Consequentialism
Consequentialism
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Right action criteria
Right action criteria
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Moral standards
Moral standards
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Kant's view on happiness
Kant's view on happiness
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Duties to others
Duties to others
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Study Notes
Kant's Ethics
- Moral Worth: An action has true moral worth if it's done from duty (respect for duty), not merely in accordance with duty.
Divine Command Theory
- Critique: It's not a moral theory because it just lists right actions without explaining why they're right.
Utilitarianism
- Hedonistic Utilitarianism: The right action maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain for all affected.
Individual Relativism
- Formal Criterion: An action is right for a person if it conforms to the standards they accept.
Hedonistic Utilitarianism (continued)
- Consequentialist: Focuses on the consequences of actions, not rules.
- Secular: Not based on religious beliefs.
- Monistic: Focuses on a single good (pleasure).
- Act Utilitarianism: Evaluates each action in isolation, not general rules.
- Critique: Not deontological (rule-based)
Ethical Relativism
- Nature: Different moral standards are correct for different groups.
- Not Descriptive: It's a normative theory outlining which standards are correct.
Ethics Definition
- Definition: The philosophical study of morality.
Infallible Guide Theory
- Critique: Not a moral theory; it only provides a list of right actions.
Moral Skepticism
- Definition: No moral standards can be justified or known to be true.
Ethical Dogmatism
- Definition: Uncritical acceptance of learned moral beliefs.
Hedonistic Utilitarianism (continued)
- Intrinsic Bad: Pain and/or suffering
Divine Command Theory (continued)
- Right Actions: Actions are right because God commands them.
Consequentialism
- Definition: The right action has the best consequences.
Kant's Imperfect Duties
- Imperfect Duties: Duties capable of being fulfilled in various ways (e.g., developing talents, helping others). Contrast to perfect duties that cannot be fulfilled as a matter of principle (e.g., keeping promises, not committing suicide).
Kant's Categorical Imperative
- Respect for Persons: Always treat persons as ends in themselves and never as a means merely.
- Good Will: A person who does their duty because it is their duty, and for no other reason.
Ethical Objectivism
- Definition: Objective facts in ethics exist, and different views may be mistaken
Ethical Nihilism
- Definition: No moral values are valid/correct
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Description
This quiz covers major ethical theories including Kant's Ethics, Divine Command Theory, Utilitarianism, and Individual Relativism. Explore key concepts like moral worth, consequentialism, and ethical relativism. Test your understanding of these foundational ideas in moral philosophy.
