Ethics in Research and Science

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of social responsibility in research?

To obey relevant laws and institutional policies

To promote social good and prevent social harms (correct)

To ensure the accuracy of research results

To maintain professional competence and expertise

What is the main reason for avoiding discrimination against colleagues or students in research?

To ensure the accuracy of research results

To promote social good and prevent social harms

To maintain professional competence and expertise

Because it is not related to their scientific competence and integrity (correct)

What is the primary objective of promoting competence in science?

To obey relevant laws and institutional policies

To maintain and improve professional competence and expertise (correct)

To show respect and care for animals used in research

To promote social good and prevent social harms

What is the main principle of human subjects protection in research?

To minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of ethical decision making in research?

It is necessary to interpret, assess, and apply various research rules Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to know and obey relevant laws and institutional policies in research?

To avoid legal and ethical consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of clinical research?

To advance the understanding of science and promote human health Signup and view all the answers

What is research ethics concerned with?

Protecting the rights and safety of participants, maintaining scientific integrity, and upholding public trust Signup and view all the answers

Why are ethical norms important in research?

To achieve all of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of honesty in research?

To honestly report data, results, methods, and procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of promoting ethical norms in research?

Increased public trust and support for research Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of researchers in ensuring research ethics?

To take all necessary precautions to protect participants Signup and view all the answers

Why are codes and policies for research ethics established?

To guide researchers in conducting ethical research Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not upholding research ethics?

Decreased public trust and support for research Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of objectivity in research?

Avoiding bias in experimental design and data analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of carefulness in research?

Keeping accurate and detailed records of research activities Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental principle of accountability in research?

Taking responsibility for one's actions and decisions Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to respect intellectual property in research?

To avoid legal consequences and give credit to original contributors Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of responsible publication in research?

Publishing to advance research and scholarship Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of responsible mentoring in research?

Helping students to make their own decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of respect for colleagues in research?

Treating colleagues fairly and with respect Signup and view all the answers

Why is transparency important in research?

To disclose research methods and results to facilitate evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research and public education.

Non-Discrimination

Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students based on sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors unrelated to scientific competence and integrity.

Competence

Maintain and improve professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning.

Legality

Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.

Animal Care

Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research, and avoid unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.

Human Subjects Protection

Minimize harms and risks, and maximize benefits when conducting research on human subjects, while respecting human dignity, privacy, and autonomy.

Ethical Decision Making in Research

Codes, policies, and principles are important, but researchers must learn to interpret, assess, and apply various research rules to make ethical decisions in different situations.

Ethics in Research

Clinical research advances scientific understanding and promotes human health, but precautions must be taken to protect participants and preserve scientific integrity.

Meaning of Research Ethics

Research ethics involves ensuring the rights, safety, and well-being of participants, maintaining scientific integrity, and upholding public trust.

Importance of Research Ethics

Ethical standards promote the aims of research, collaborative work, public trust, and accountability, while building public support for research.

Codes and Policies for Research Ethics

Honesty: strive for honesty in scientific communications, and avoid fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting data.
Objectivity: strive to avoid bias in research, disclose personal or financial interests, and minimize bias or self-deception.
Integrity: keep promises and agreements, act with sincerity, and strive for consistency in thought and action.
Openness: share data, results, ideas, tools, and resources, and be open to criticism and new ideas.
Carefulness: avoid careless errors, critically examine your own work and the work of peers, and keep good records of research activities.
Transparency: disclose methods, materials, assumptions, analyses, and other information needed to evaluate research.
Accountability: take responsibility for your part in research and be prepared to give an account of your actions.
Respect for Intellectual Property: honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property, and give credit where credit is due.
Confidentiality: protect confidential communications, and avoid using unpublished data without permission.
Responsible Publication: publish to advance research and scholarship, avoid wasteful and duplicative publication, and promote education, mentorship, and respect for colleagues.