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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of animal research in psychological studies?
What is the purpose of debriefing in research?
What is the term for protecting participants from risks or harm in research?
What percentage of psychological studies use animal research?
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What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent from participants in research?
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What is the term for the right of participants to withdraw from a research study at any time?
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What is the purpose of confidentiality in research?
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What is the term for providing participants with information about the research objectives and expectations?
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What is the primary goal of descriptive research?
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What is the major advantage of naturalistic observation?
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What is the purpose of using blind observers in research?
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What is the primary limitation of naturalistic observation?
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What is the primary goal of correlational research?
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What is the purpose of participant observation in research?
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What is the primary limitation of experimental research?
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What is the purpose of drawing conclusions in the scientific method?
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What is the primary purpose of a double-blind study in research?
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What is the primary concern of ethics committees in psychological research?
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What is the primary difference between a single-blind study and a double-blind study?
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What is the primary advantage of using a quasi-experimental design in research?
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What is the primary purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
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What is the primary advantage of using a real experiment in research?
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What is the primary concern of the experimenter effect in research?
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What is the primary purpose of deception in psychological research?
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Study Notes
Ethical Concerns in Conducting Research
- Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.
- Participants must be protected from risks or informed explicitly of risks.
- Investigators must debrief participants, revealing the true nature of the study and expected results.
- Data must remain confidential.
Ethics in Psychological Research
- Animal research is used to answer questions that cannot be done with human research, focusing on avoiding unnecessary pain or suffering.
- Animals are used in approximately 7% of psychological studies.
- Researchers must take steps to treat animals ethically.
Informed Consent and Debriefing
- Informed consent is obtained to get agreement from participants to be part of the research.
- Briefing/debriefing involves informing participants about the details of the experiment.
- Debriefing also involves revealing the true nature of the study and expected results.
Confidentiality and Right to Withdraw
- Participants' private information must be protected and not released to any third party.
- Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.
Careers in Psychology
- There are various careers in psychology, including homework and research opportunities.
The Scientific Method
- The scientific method involves perceiving the question, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, drawing conclusions, and reporting results.
- Research methods include experiments, interviews, case studies, and observations.
Types of Research
- Descriptive research involves observing and describing behavior.
- Experimental research involves manipulating variables to examine their effect.
- Correlational research involves examining the relationship between variables.
Naturalistic and Laboratory Settings
- Naturalistic observation involves watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment.
- Major advantage of naturalistic observation is that it provides a realistic picture of behavior.
- Disadvantages of naturalistic observation include observer effect, observer bias, and the uniqueness of each setting.
Experimental Designs
- Single-blind study: subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or control group.
- Double-blind study: neither the experimenter nor the subjects knows if they are in the experimental or control group.
- Quasi-experimental designs: not considered true experiments because of the inability to randomly assign participants to groups.
Conducting a Real Experiment
- Example of a real experiment: examining the effect of extrinsic reward on creativity.
- Independent variable: two different sets of instructions.
- Dependent variable: creativity on art project as judged by raters blind to the group assignment.
Ethics Committees
- Ethics committees are groups of professionals who review proposed research studies and judge their safety and consideration for participants.
- Common ethical guidelines include weighing the rights and well-being of participants against the study's value to science, allowing participants to make an informed decision, and justifying deception.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential principles of ethics in psychological research, including participant rights and confidentiality. Learn about the importance of protecting participants from risks and debriefing them on the study's true nature.
