C-PSYM415 Research in Psychology II

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of researchers concerning participants in their studies?

To maintain confidentiality of data

To ensure the welfare and dignity of participants (correct)

To maximize the number of participants

To achieve statistically significant results

What does the principle of informed consent ensure?

That researchers reveal the study's outcomes beforehand

That all participants receive monetary compensation

That participation is mandatory for all selected individuals

A participant's willingness to participate based on comprehensive information (correct)

What distinguishes active deception from passive deception in research?

Active deception involves misleading or providing incorrect information (correct)

Passive deception requires a formal debriefing after the study

Active deception involves disclosing all information

Passive deception includes providing misleading information actively

What is typically included in a consent form for research participation?

Comprehensive information about the study Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of research ethics must researchers consider throughout the entire research process?

The ethical treatment of participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of debriefing in research involving deception?

To explain the true nature of the study after its conclusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes passive deception?

Failing to disclose certain details of the study Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an ethical guideline for researchers when reporting results?

Reports must be accurate and honest Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of fraudulent research data?

Cancellation of research funding Signup and view all the answers

What does plagiarism involve?

Presenting others' ideas or words as your own Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a guideline to prevent plagiarism?

Identify the source of any non-original ideas Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you are unsure about the need for a citation?

Cite the source regardless Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of replication in research?

The duplication of original research using the same methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Introduction section in a research study?

To outline the problem and relevant theories Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a penalty for students found guilty of plagiarism?

Receipt of a warning only Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT typically included in the Introduction section?

A detailed analysis of data Signup and view all the answers

How can students indicate direct quotations in their work?

By using quotation marks and citing the source Signup and view all the answers

What should the literature review in the Introduction section accomplish?

Integrate relevant sources to support the research rationale Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of both fraud and plagiarism in research?

Both are considered unethical breaches Signup and view all the answers

In what way should the researcher present the problem or purpose of the study in the Introduction?

With a specific, clear definition of relevant variables Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the research strategy is described in the Introduction section?

A snapshot of how the study was conducted Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Method section of a research study?

A detailed description of study implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is discouraged in the literature review during the Introduction section?

Providing overly detailed descriptions of each study Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the researcher to provide a rationale for their study in the Introduction?

To explain the significance and expected contributions to the field Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a retraction notice?

To inform about wrongful conclusions or misconduct Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a form of ethical misconduct leading to retraction?

Fraudulent data Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an error from fraud in research?

Errors are unintentional, while fraud is deliberate. Signup and view all the answers

What might motivate a researcher to commit fraud?

A competitive academic environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT typically require retraction?

Minor statistical miscalculations Signup and view all the answers

What is one safeguard against fraud in scientific research?

The peer review process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations might lead to a retraction due to authorship issues?

Having multiple collaborators listed without consent Signup and view all the answers

What role does the competitive nature of academia play in the occurrence of fraud?

It increases pressure to publish research. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the University Research Office (URO)?

To coordinate research activities and support educational research projects Signup and view all the answers

Who heads the Ethics Research Committee at DLSU-D?

Mr. Rolando B. Barrameda Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms is NOT required to secure institutional approval for conducting research?

Research Budget Proposal Form Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the tasks performed by the URO?

Keeping faculty and students aligned with strategic research goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Informed Consent Form?

To inform participants about the research and obtain their consent Signup and view all the answers

Where can researchers find the DLSU-D Ethics Review Application Form?

Through a shared link on Google Forms Signup and view all the answers

What type of research does the URO particularly emphasize?

Research that contributes to community and societal needs Signup and view all the answers

Which document is needed for obtaining approval from the Ethics Review Committee?

Informed Consent Application Form (ICAF) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Introduction Section

Introduces the research problem and its significance.
Reviews past research and theories related to the topic.
Formulates specific expectations or formal hypotheses based on past findings.
Structured logically to illustrate connections between previous research and current objectives.

Common Parts of an Introduction

General Introduction: Brief overview of the topic and justification for the research.
Relevant Literature Review: Focuses on significant sources that relate to the research question; emphasizes integration over summary.
Specific Problem/Hypothesis: Clearly states the purpose and relevant variables of the study.
Research Strategy: Describes the method of evaluating hypotheses and provides a snapshot of the methodology without excessive detail.

The Method Section

Offers a comprehensive account of how variables were defined and measured.
Details ethical principles governing participant selection and behavior measurement.
Emphasizes that ethical guidelines must be observed throughout the research process.

Basic Ethical Responsibilities

Researchers must ensure the welfare and dignity of both human and non-human participants.
Importance of accuracy and honesty in public reporting of research.

Researchers must fully inform participants about the study for them to make educated decisions.
Consent forms detail study elements and require signatures from participants or guardians.

Deception

Defined as the deliberate withholding or misrepresentation of information from participants.
Two types: passive deception (omitting information) and active deception (providing false information).
Must include a debriefing upon completion to inform participants about the study's true purpose.

Retraction

The process of removing articles from publication due to significant errors or misconduct.
Retracted articles may relate to honest mistakes, ethical misconduct, authorship conflicts, or peer review fraud.

Difference Between Error and Fraud

Error: Unintentional mistakes made during research.
Fraud: Intentional falsification or misrepresentation of data.
Stress on the importance of replicating studies to validate findings and acting as a deterrent against fraud.

Plagiarism

Presentation of another’s ideas or words as one’s own is unethical.
Proper citation is required when directly quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s work.
Guidelines to prevent plagiarism include thorough note-taking, proper citation identification, and maintaining a complete reference list.

University Research Office (URO)

Coordinates research activities and supports educational project initiatives at DLSU-D.
Ensures faculty and students meet strategic goals for relevant and publishable research.
Institutional approval for research via the Ethics Research Committee, which includes forms for ethics review and informed consent.

Resources and Forms

Several forms linked for ethical review and informed consent applications available through university channels.
Emphasizing the importance of institutional support in navigating ethical considerations in research.

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Description

This quiz covers the Introduction section of research in psychology, focusing on the significance of outlining the problem and past relevant studies. Research ethics and the formulation of hypotheses are also reviewed to ensure a solid understanding of methodological foundations. Test your knowledge of these crucial elements in psychological research.

C-PSYM415 Research in Psychology II - Module 1