C-PSYM415 Research in Psychology II - Module 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of researchers concerning participants in their studies?

  • To maintain confidentiality of data
  • To ensure the welfare and dignity of participants (correct)
  • To maximize the number of participants
  • To achieve statistically significant results
  • What does the principle of informed consent ensure?

  • That researchers reveal the study's outcomes beforehand
  • That all participants receive monetary compensation
  • That participation is mandatory for all selected individuals
  • A participant's willingness to participate based on comprehensive information (correct)
  • What distinguishes active deception from passive deception in research?

  • Active deception involves misleading or providing incorrect information (correct)
  • Passive deception requires a formal debriefing after the study
  • Active deception involves disclosing all information
  • Passive deception includes providing misleading information actively
  • What is typically included in a consent form for research participation?

    <p>Comprehensive information about the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of research ethics must researchers consider throughout the entire research process?

    <p>The ethical treatment of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of debriefing in research involving deception?

    <p>To explain the true nature of the study after its conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes passive deception?

    <p>Failing to disclose certain details of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an ethical guideline for researchers when reporting results?

    <p>Reports must be accurate and honest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of fraudulent research data?

    <p>Cancellation of research funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does plagiarism involve?

    <p>Presenting others' ideas or words as your own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a guideline to prevent plagiarism?

    <p>Identify the source of any non-original ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you are unsure about the need for a citation?

    <p>Cite the source regardless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of replication in research?

    <p>The duplication of original research using the same methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Introduction section in a research study?

    <p>To outline the problem and relevant theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a penalty for students found guilty of plagiarism?

    <p>Receipt of a warning only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT typically included in the Introduction section?

    <p>A detailed analysis of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can students indicate direct quotations in their work?

    <p>By using quotation marks and citing the source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the literature review in the Introduction section accomplish?

    <p>Integrate relevant sources to support the research rationale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both fraud and plagiarism in research?

    <p>Both are considered unethical breaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way should the researcher present the problem or purpose of the study in the Introduction?

    <p>With a specific, clear definition of relevant variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the research strategy is described in the Introduction section?

    <p>A snapshot of how the study was conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Method section of a research study?

    <p>A detailed description of study implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discouraged in the literature review during the Introduction section?

    <p>Providing overly detailed descriptions of each study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for the researcher to provide a rationale for their study in the Introduction?

    <p>To explain the significance and expected contributions to the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a retraction notice?

    <p>To inform about wrongful conclusions or misconduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a form of ethical misconduct leading to retraction?

    <p>Fraudulent data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an error from fraud in research?

    <p>Errors are unintentional, while fraud is deliberate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might motivate a researcher to commit fraud?

    <p>A competitive academic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT typically require retraction?

    <p>Minor statistical miscalculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one safeguard against fraud in scientific research?

    <p>The peer review process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations might lead to a retraction due to authorship issues?

    <p>Having multiple collaborators listed without consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the competitive nature of academia play in the occurrence of fraud?

    <p>It increases pressure to publish research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the University Research Office (URO)?

    <p>To coordinate research activities and support educational research projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who heads the Ethics Research Committee at DLSU-D?

    <p>Mr. Rolando B. Barrameda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forms is NOT required to secure institutional approval for conducting research?

    <p>Research Budget Proposal Form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the tasks performed by the URO?

    <p>Keeping faculty and students aligned with strategic research goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Informed Consent Form?

    <p>To inform participants about the research and obtain their consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can researchers find the DLSU-D Ethics Review Application Form?

    <p>Through a shared link on Google Forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research does the URO particularly emphasize?

    <p>Research that contributes to community and societal needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document is needed for obtaining approval from the Ethics Review Committee?

    <p>Informed Consent Application Form (ICAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Introduction Section

    • Introduces the research problem and its significance.
    • Reviews past research and theories related to the topic.
    • Formulates specific expectations or formal hypotheses based on past findings.
    • Structured logically to illustrate connections between previous research and current objectives.

    Common Parts of an Introduction

    • General Introduction: Brief overview of the topic and justification for the research.
    • Relevant Literature Review: Focuses on significant sources that relate to the research question; emphasizes integration over summary.
    • Specific Problem/Hypothesis: Clearly states the purpose and relevant variables of the study.
    • Research Strategy: Describes the method of evaluating hypotheses and provides a snapshot of the methodology without excessive detail.

    The Method Section

    • Offers a comprehensive account of how variables were defined and measured.
    • Details ethical principles governing participant selection and behavior measurement.
    • Emphasizes that ethical guidelines must be observed throughout the research process.

    Basic Ethical Responsibilities

    • Researchers must ensure the welfare and dignity of both human and non-human participants.
    • Importance of accuracy and honesty in public reporting of research.
    • Researchers must fully inform participants about the study for them to make educated decisions.
    • Consent forms detail study elements and require signatures from participants or guardians.

    Deception

    • Defined as the deliberate withholding or misrepresentation of information from participants.
    • Two types: passive deception (omitting information) and active deception (providing false information).
    • Must include a debriefing upon completion to inform participants about the study's true purpose.

    Retraction

    • The process of removing articles from publication due to significant errors or misconduct.
    • Retracted articles may relate to honest mistakes, ethical misconduct, authorship conflicts, or peer review fraud.

    Difference Between Error and Fraud

    • Error: Unintentional mistakes made during research.
    • Fraud: Intentional falsification or misrepresentation of data.
    • Stress on the importance of replicating studies to validate findings and acting as a deterrent against fraud.

    Plagiarism

    • Presentation of another’s ideas or words as one’s own is unethical.
    • Proper citation is required when directly quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s work.
    • Guidelines to prevent plagiarism include thorough note-taking, proper citation identification, and maintaining a complete reference list.

    University Research Office (URO)

    • Coordinates research activities and supports educational project initiatives at DLSU-D.
    • Ensures faculty and students meet strategic goals for relevant and publishable research.
    • Institutional approval for research via the Ethics Research Committee, which includes forms for ethics review and informed consent.

    Resources and Forms

    • Several forms linked for ethical review and informed consent applications available through university channels.
    • Emphasizing the importance of institutional support in navigating ethical considerations in research.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the Introduction section of research in psychology, focusing on the significance of outlining the problem and past relevant studies. Research ethics and the formulation of hypotheses are also reviewed to ensure a solid understanding of methodological foundations. Test your knowledge of these crucial elements in psychological research.

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