Ethics in Paramedicine Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the concept of autonomy primarily refer to in medical ethics?

  • The prevention of harm to patients
  • The duty to act in the best interest of patients
  • The ability to make independent moral decisions (correct)
  • The confidentiality of patient information

What does the term 'autonomy' refer to in an ethical context?

  • The psychological impact of moral conflict.
  • The principle of self-determination in making moral decisions. (correct)
  • The standard for honorable behavior set by a group.
  • The obligation to benefit others in a medical context.

Which of the following ethical values is focused on preventing harm to patients?

  • Beneficence
  • Confidentiality
  • Non-maleficence (correct)
  • Personal integrity

Which best describes the concept of 'beneficence' in ethics?

<p>The duty to confer benefits and seek the good of others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of autonomy as described in medical ethics?

<p>Sympathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical principle that involves acting in the interest of the patient's welfare?

<p>Beneficence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary difference between morals and ethics?

<p>Morals define personal character, whereas ethics are based on social codes of behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value emphasizes the importance of maintaining patient privacy?

<p>Confidentiality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ethics, what does 'unethical' behavior refer to?

<p>Actions that do not adhere to moral principles or values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can 'moral injury' be characterized?

<p>The psychological impact of acting against one's own ethical beliefs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ethical principle of beneficence obligate healthcare professionals to do?

<p>Act for the benefit and welfare of the patient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a paramedic prioritizes their own moral standards over patient wishes, which ethical concept are they undermining?

<p>Autonomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might cause an ethical dilemma for a paramedic?

<p>Navigating issues of consent, confidentiality, and end-of-life decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best illustrates the ethical principle of allocation of resources?

<p>Healthcare services should be distributed consistently among different populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the ethical obligation of a defense attorney?

<p>To ensure that clients receive a vigorous defense regardless of personal beliefs about their actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the field of bioethics?

<p>The systematic study of the moral dimensions of life sciences and health care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when paramedics encounter an unfamiliar situation?

<p>Consulting with medical direction or other resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical question is fundamental in healthcare ethics?

<p>What is in the patient's best interest? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of good faith in ethical decision-making?

<p>It should be balanced with the patient's and family's wishes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a global concept that healthcare is built upon?

<p>Providing patient benefit and avoiding harm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must paramedics establish regarding ethical dilemmas in the field?

<p>A rule to guide behavior based on previous experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should paramedics gather a patient's wishes when there is altered decisional capacity?

<p>By consulting family input and written statements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of experience in decision-making for paramedics?

<p>It builds a foundation for handling future ethical issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should paramedics do if they determine that the illness is inevitably mortal?

<p>Refrain from interfering as a matter of ethical principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to take when faced with an ethical problem in an emergency?

<p>Assess whether you have faced a similar issue previously. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the impartiality test in ethical decision making?

<p>To correct personal biases by considering the patient's perspective. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the universalizability test assess in ethical decision making?

<p>Whether the action is acceptable in all similar situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ethical dilemmas are challenging to resolve, what role can the health care community play?

<p>Set standards of care and provide research and treatment protocols. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of resolving ethical dilemmas, what are the responsibilities of the public?

<p>To create laws and set public policy to protect patients' rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the key questions a paramedic should consider when addressing ethical problems?

<p>What are the patient's legal obligations? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of advance directives in managing ethical conflicts in medicine?

<p>They help clarify the patient's wishes regarding treatment in advance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of the interpersonal justifiability test?

<p>It necessitates a moral justification that can be communicated to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that affects true parity in the allocation of health care resources?

<p>The presence of health insurance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a situation where care must be rationed due to inadequate resources, what should guide the decision-making process?

<p>Ethically oriented criteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of confidentiality primarily intended to protect?

<p>A person's private and personal information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance might it be permissible to disclose a patient's confidential information?

<p>If required by law regarding public health concerns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the 74-year-old man experiencing chest pain in the case study?

<p>His lack of medical insurance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of health care ethics, what do society-wide health care policies reflect regarding resource allocation?

<p>They aim for fairness and universal access. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemma does the young man involved in the MVA present regarding confidentiality?

<p>He seeks to keep his drug use confidential from law enforcement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of defining which medical services are covered under health insurance?

<p>Affects individuals' access to necessary health care services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inferred as a basic element of the relationship between a patient and paramedic?

<p>Patient consent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would providing care be considered futile?

<p>Resuscitation efforts for a person with irreversible brain damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might indicate a clear ethical conflict regarding patient care?

<p>The presence of a living will. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a paramedic do when a situation is considered futile?

<p>Consult with medical direction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies a patient's right to refuse care?

<p>A patient suffering from a heart attack who insists on finishing a meeting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the determination of futility described in the provided content?

<p>It poses a challenging ethical dilemma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a paramedic assume while providing patient care?

<p>As a patient's advocate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concern arises in the case of continuing to provide care for a deceased infant?

<p>The principle of non-maleficence in patient care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Autonomy

The ability of a person to make their own decisions, even about healthcare.

Beneficence

The duty to help others and do good actions.

Bioethics

The study of moral issues in healthcare and life sciences.

Ethics

Moral principles of a group or profession.

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Moral injury

Psychological impact of actions that go against one's morals.

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Morals

A person's own standards of right and wrong.

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Unethical

Conduct that breaks moral principles or standards.

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Ethics vs. Morals

Ethics are the group's standards, while morals are a person's standards of right and wrong.

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Allocation of resources

Fair distribution of limited medical services.

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Confidentiality

Keeping patient information private.

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Non-maleficence

Preventing harm to patients; Hippocratic oath.

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Personal Integrity

Staying true to your values and morals.

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EMS practitioner code ethics

To help preserve life, decrease suffering, promote health, do no harm, and support the best emergency medical care.

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Paramedic Ethical Issues

Ethical dilemmas faced by paramedics, often involving patient autonomy and beneficence.

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Prehospital ethical decision-making

Ethical decision-making in emergency medical situations where complete information may be unavailable.

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Global protocols in prehospital care

Guidelines to help paramedics, but not rigid rules that should limit decision-making

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Ethical decision rule creation

After resolving an ethical dilemma, the answer becomes a guide for future similar cases.

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Patient best interest in healthcare ethics

A fundamental question in medical ethics, but not sufficient justification for actions; patient wishes need consideration.

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Good faith in healthcare decisions

Acting with a commitment to patient well-being and avoiding harm, balanced with patient preferences.

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Patient benefit in healthcare

A core concept in healthcare, promoting patient well-being and avoiding unnecessary harm.

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Healthcare's ethical limitations

Ethical guidelines recognize that healthcare cannot always directly cure or slow down incurable diseases.

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Therapeutic intervention

Treating the cause of disease is a beneficial goal in healthcare whenever possible.

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Rapid Approach

A method for quickly resolving ethical problems in emergencies, involving past experience, consultation, and ethical tests.

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Impartiality Test

Considering the decision from the patient's perspective to avoid personal bias.

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Universalizability Test

Assessing whether the action would be acceptable in similar situations, without exceptions.

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Interpersonal Justifiability Test

Explaining the decision to others and having a good justification for your actions.

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Ethical Dilemmas

Conflicts in health care that might arise from different viewpoints or beliefs.

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Patient's Best Interest

The most favorable outcome for the patient's health and well-being.

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Patient's Rights

The legal and ethical entitlements of a patient.

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Paramedic's Accountability

The responsibility of a paramedic, both professionally, legally, and morally.

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Resource Allocation in Healthcare

Fairly distributing limited healthcare resources, considering factors like insurance access and patient needs.

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Health Insurance Impact

Insurance coverage influences access to healthcare services, as plans may exclude or limit specific treatments.

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Rationing of Care

Prioritizing treatment decisions when resources are insufficient to meet all patient needs, using ethical criteria.

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Patient Confidentiality

Protecting a patient's private information; not disclosing it without their consent, except when mandated by law.

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Confidentiality Exceptions

Specific situations where revealing a patient's information is legally required, like notifying others involved in their care.

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Ethical Criteria for Allocation

Using a set of ethical principles to decide who gets a scarce resource.

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Healthcare Access

The ability of a person to obtain necessary health care services.

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Privacy in Healthcare

The right to keep personal and medical information secret, unless required by law or necessary to provide care.

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Informed Consent

The patient's voluntary agreement to receive medical treatment after understanding all risks, benefits, and alternatives.

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Refusal of Care

A patient's right to decline medical treatment, even if it might be life-saving.

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Living Will

A legal document outlining a patient's wishes regarding medical treatment, especially in the event of incapacitation.

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Futile Care

Medical intervention that is unlikely to improve the patient's condition or has little chance of success.

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Obvious Signs of Death

Clear indicators that a patient has expired, such as decapitation or rigor mortis.

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Patient Advocacy

The paramedic's role as a strong supporter of the patient's best interests and wishes.

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Study Notes

Ethics Overview

  • Paramedics make ethical choices throughout their shifts
  • Consent, refusal, confidentiality, and end-of-life choices often involve ethical dilemmas
  • Ethical dilemmas occur across all phases of an EMS call
  • Ethical decisions are based on moral judgments, placing responsibility on individuals

Key Terms

  • Autonomy: The principle of self-determination; a person's ability to make moral decisions, including those affecting personal medical care
  • Beneficence: A duty to confer benefits; the practice of good deeds; an obligation to benefit others or seek their good
  • Bioethics: The systematic study of moral dimensions of life sciences and healthcare, including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies
  • Ethics: The discipline relating to right and wrong, moral duty, obligation, moral principles, values, and moral character; a standard for honorable behavior, conforming to group expectations
  • Moral injury: The psychological impact of witnessing events that conflict with one's personal morals or acting in a way that contradicts one's morals
  • Morals: Personal standards used to distinguish right from wrong
  • Unethical: Conduct that fails to conform to moral principles, values, or standards

The Difference Between Morals and Ethics

  • Morals define personal character
  • Ethics define a social system where morals are applied, outlining group expectations (social group, religion, company, profession, or family)

Examples of Ethical Dilemmas

  • Example 1: A defense attorney must defend a client accused of murder, despite believing murder is wrong. Legal and professional ethics require vigorous defense, overriding personal morals.
  • Example 2: In most parts of the world, a doctor may not euthanize a patient, even at the patient's request, because it conflicts with ethical healthcare standards. However, the doctor may personally believe in a patient's right to die.

Commonly Accepted Bioethical Values

  • Allocation of resources: Consistent, quality access to medical services for all people.
  • Autonomy: Self-determination; a person's ability to make decisions, including those affecting personal medical care.
  • Beneficence: Duty to act in the patient's best interest, performing good deeds and benefiting others. Medical professionals should always act to improve patient welfare
  • Confidentiality: Presumption that certain information should not be revealed to others without the patient's permission
  • Non-maleficence: The prevention of harm, all actions should avoid harm to the patient or others; this principle derives from the Hippocratic tradition.
  • Personal integrity: Adherence to a personal set of values and moral standards

Code of Ethics for EMS Practitioners

  • Conserve life, alleviate suffering, promote health, do no harm, and encourage the quality of emergency medical care
  • Provide services based on human need with compassion and respect for human dignity, unrestricted by nationality, race, color, or status.
  • Not exploit professional knowledge for personal gain or to exploit public well¬being
  • Respect and keep confidential all information of a confidential nature.

Paramedic Ethics

  • Professional Accountability: Paramedics conform to standards set by their training and practice.
  • Duties: Commitment to high-quality care, continuing education, skill proficiency, and licensure.
  • Moral accountability: Includes personal values and beliefs within professional and legal constraints.
  • Ethical decision-making in emergency:
    • Use personal experience as precedents when encountering similar ethical problems
    • If a situation is new, give yourself time to deliberate and consult with others (coworkers and medical direction)
    • Use three tests to determine whether an action is ethical: impartiality, universalizability, and interpersonal justifiability

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

  • Role of Health Care Personnel: Determine standards of care, research, and protocols for ethical resolution of conflicts.
  • Role of Public: Includes creating laws, setting policy, and allocating resources to ensure ethical care
  • Key Ethical Question:
    • What is in the patient's best interest?
    • What are the patient's rights?
    • Does the patient understand the issues at hand?
    • What is the paramedic's professional, legal, and moral accountability?

Allocation of Resources

  • Fairness in healthcare resource allocation; commonly accepted bioethical value
  • Universal access to basic health care is a complex economic issue
  • Factors affecting true parity in resource allocation include access to health insurance and inadequate resources during disasters

Case Studies (Examples)

  • Cases involving patient refusal of care and conflicting views about patient needs, the patient's best interest, and the paramedic's role as advocate.
  • Cases involving the provision of life support in situations where CPR may be futile

Patient Advocacy and Paramedic Accountability

  • Role of paramedic as the patient's advocate when competing obligations arise.
  • Discussion with medical direction is appropriate when advocacy conflicts with clinical, legal, or ethical protocols
  • Should strive to act in the best interests of the patient

Ethical Leadership in Paramedicine

  • Effective leadership in paramedics is committed to ethical conduct; ethical communication with patients, the community, and team members is essential
  • Tools for moral reflection: ask yourself if you practiced any virtues, did you do more than harm, did you treat everyone with care and respect, and were you fair and just.

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Chapter 1 Ethics PDF

Description

Explore the ethical dilemmas faced by paramedics during EMS calls. This quiz covers key principles such as autonomy, beneficence, and bioethics, highlighting the importance of moral judgment in emergency medical situations. Test your understanding of these crucial ethical concepts and their implications for patient care.

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