Ethics in Nursing Informatics

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Questions and Answers

What is the concept of 'cracking' in the context of software?

Cracking refers to breaking into a system by bypassing its security features, allowing unauthorized access to software.

How do software licenses impact ownership of digital material?

Software licenses grant users the right to use digital material while retaining ownership with the original copyright owner.

What are some job-related effects of technology on society?

Technology has led to the abolition of certain jobs and simplified others, as tasks can now be completed with fewer steps.

What is one environmental impact of increased computer usage?

<p>Increased computer usage raises energy consumption, contributing to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have computers influenced social interactions?

<p>Computers and the internet facilitate communication, enabling people to stay connected with family and friends through social media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some ethical issues faced by computer science professionals?

<p>Ethical issues include hacking, intellectual property concerns, privacy violations, and algorithmic bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is intellectual property law considered complex in the digital age?

<p>Intellectual property law is complicated due to the widespread sharing of music and media on the internet, blurring ownership lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might systemic bias relate to ethical issues in nursing informatics?

<p>Systemic bias can lead to unfair treatment of individuals due to biased algorithms and data management practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ethics from laws in terms of societal standards?

<p>Ethics are standards that influence how people lead their lives without legal enforcement, while laws are legally mandated rules that dictate right and wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define computer ethics and name two common issues it addresses.

<p>Computer ethics are moral standards that govern the use of computers, addressing issues like privacy concerns and intellectual property rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hacking, and what is its primary ethical concern?

<p>Hacking is the unlawful intrusion into a computer or network, with the primary ethical concern being unauthorized access to private information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hacking and why is it considered a threat?

<p>Hacking is the practice of exploiting vulnerabilities in digital security systems to unlawfully access information, posing a threat to companies and government agencies, especially regarding national security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'malware' and list two common types.

<p>Malware refers to malicious software designed to impair computer systems, with common types including viruses and spyware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical issues regarding privacy can arise in computer science?

<p>Ethical issues of privacy can arise when professionals access personal information during repairs or when IT departments monitor employees' internet activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does data protection aim to balance?

<p>Data protection aims to balance individual privacy rights with the need for data usage in business purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of algorithmic bias.

<p>Algorithmic bias refers to the phenomenon where technology reflects and perpetuates human prejudice and inaccurate data, leading people to mistakenly believe technology is devoid of values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does copyright relate to intellectual property rights?

<p>Copyright is a form of intellectual property that grants authors exclusive rights to publish, distribute, and use their creations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two ethical guidelines from computer ethics.

<p>Two ethical guidelines are: 'Not use a computer to harm other people' and 'Not snoop around in other people's computer files.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be secured before using a victim's information for documentation purposes?

<p>Written consent from the victim must be secured before using their information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plagiarism, and why is it considered unethical?

<p>Plagiarism is the act of copying another person's work without proper citation, making it unethical as it violates intellectual property rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is transparency important in documentation projects?

<p>Transparency is essential to fully explain the purpose of the documentation project to the subject, ensuring informed consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does anonymity play in user privacy?

<p>Anonymity helps keep a user's identity masked, thereby enhancing privacy in various applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What takes precedence when determining the purpose of documentation involving victims?

<p>The dignity and security of the victim takes precedence over all other considerations in determining the purpose of documentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential effects should victims be informed about regarding public disclosure?

<p>Victims should be informed about how their information will be used and the potential consequences of any public disclosure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computer Ethics

A set of moral principles that guide the use of computers, including issues like privacy, intellectual property, and societal impact.

Hacking

An unauthorized intrusion into a computer or network, often with the intention of stealing or damaging data.

Malware

Malicious software designed to harm or disrupt a computer system. Examples include viruses, spyware, worms, and Trojan horses.

Data Protection

The process of protecting sensitive information by balancing individual privacy rights with the need to use data for business purposes.

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Anonymity

A method of hiding a user's identity while using online applications or services.

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Copyright

A form of intellectual property that grants exclusive rights to an author for their original work, allowing them to control its publication, distribution, and use.

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Plagiarism

The act of copying and presenting another person's work as your own without proper acknowledgement or attribution.

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What is "Cracking"?

A way to bypass security measures and access a system without authorization, often by skipping registration steps. Think of it as finding a secret shortcut, ignoring the front door.

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Software license

An agreement that defines how someone can use digital content. It's like a set of rules for borrowing something, but the owner still keeps the original.

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Intellectual property theft

A type of intellectual property theft where someone uses someone else's work without permission, claiming it as their own. It's like taking credit for someone else's homework.

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How computers affect jobs

Computers and the internet have led to the automation of tasks, making some jobs obsolete and others easier. It's like having a robot do your chores, but it may cause some people to lose their jobs.

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Computers and the environment

Increased computer and internet usage leads to higher energy consumption, resulting in more greenhouse gas emissions. Think of all the lights and devices we use when online.

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Computers and social impact

Computers and the internet help people connect with family and friends. Social media platforms have become very popular, allowing people to stay in touch easily.

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Ethical issues in computer science

Computers and the internet are raising new ethical challenges related to privacy, security, and bias. It's about ensuring responsible use of technology and respecting people's rights.

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Ethical issues with intellectual property online

The laws protecting intellectual property are being challenged in the online world, as people share and use digital content freely. It's about determining ownership and fair use of information in the digital age.

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Privacy in Computer Science

Concerns about personal information being accessed without consent, often arising in computer science contexts.

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Algorithmic Bias

The unintentional bias introduced into algorithms due to prejudiced data or human biases.

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Transparency in Documentation

The principle of transparency in documenting sensitive information, ensuring the subject understands the purpose and potential consequences.

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Confidentiality in Documentation

Protecting the privacy and dignity of the subject of documentation, prioritizing their well-being and consent.

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Accountability in Documentation

Accountability for the impact and use of documentation, ensuring it serves a constructive purpose and upholds the subject's dignity.

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Study Notes

Ethics in Nursing Informatics

  • Ethics are a set of standards and practices that guide how people live. They aren't legally mandated but help define societal views of right and wrong.

Computer Ethics

  • Computer ethics are moral standards for computer use, encompassing hardware, software, and societal views.
  • Key concerns include privacy, intellectual property rights, and societal impact.

Privacy Concerns

  • Hacking is unauthorized intrusion into computer systems or networks.
  • Malware are malicious programs intended to harm systems (viruses, spyware, worms, trojans).
  • Data protection (information privacy) balances individual rights with business data use.
  • Anonymity is masking a user's identity online.

Intellectual Property Rights

  • Copyright grants exclusive publication, distribution, and usage rights to the creator.
  • Plagiarism is copying and using another person's work without proper credit.
  • Cracking is bypassing security features during software installation.
  • Software licenses allow limited material use based on agreement terms.

Effects on Society

  • Job displacement: Some jobs have been automated or simplified by computers.
  • Environmental impact: Increased computer use contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Social impact: Connectivity with family and friends via internet and social media.

Ethical Issues in Nursing Informatics

  • Ethical issues in computer science involve relationships between computer science professionals, computer technology, and clients.
  • Key issues include personal privacy, data security, systemic bias.
  • Hacking, intellectual property, privacy, and algorithmic bias are important related topics.

Intellectual Property (in detail)

  • Intellectual property law presents challenges in the digital age.
  • Many people share media and music freely online, sometimes incorporating other's creations.

Hacking (in detail)

  • Hacking exploits weaknesses in digital security systems to gain unauthorized access.
  • Hackers pose threats to companies, financial institutions, and government agencies, especially during national security crises.

Privacy (in detail)

  • Privacy is an ethical issue in computing.
  • Professionals accessing personal information as part of their work (repairing devices or monitoring employees online).

Algorithmic Bias (in detail)

  • Algorithmic bias is a growing concern in computer science.
  • Technology is sometimes assumed to be neutral, but bias exists in algorithms using human data.

Basic Computer Ethics

  • Do not harm others using computers.
  • Do not interfere with other people's computer work.
  • Do not snoop in other people's computer files.
  • Do not steal others' data or resources.
  • Do not bear false witness on the internet.
  • Do not copy or use proprietary software without payment.

Further Computer Ethics

  • Do not use other's computer resources without proper authorization or compensation.
  • Do not take intellectual property without permission.
  • Consider the social impacts of computer programs you create.
  • Use computers with respect for others.

Ethical Considerations in Documentation

  • Transparency is critical for all projects. The purpose should be clear to each participants
  • Uphold confidentiality. Written consent for sharing personal information.
  • Respect the wishes of subjects if they do not wish to share.
  • Explain how the data will be used. Address the effects of public visibility.
  • Be accountable. Prioritize victim security and dignity. Avoid unnecessary risk.
  • Uphold agency for victims. Consultation is needed at each step.
  • Ethical consideration for safety and security: Consider safety when documenting, especially sensitive cases.
  • Be culturally sensitive: Recognize potential victim vulnerability with respect to gender and cultural context.

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