Ethics in Computing Course Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a key focus area in cybersecurity that addresses the balance between user privacy and safety?

  • Network Simulation
  • Cyber Crime (correct)
  • Professional Ethics
  • Software Development

Which ethical consideration is paramount when utilizing artificial intelligence and big data?

  • Data Privacy (correct)
  • Cost Efficiency
  • User Accessibility
  • Speed of Processing

What is an important aspect of professional ethics discussed in this content?

  • Maximizing Profit
  • Corporate Mergers
  • Open-source Licenses (correct)
  • Market Competition

Which technology requires responsible development and use to ensure ethical implications are considered?

<p>Artificial Intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is plagiarism particularly relevant according to the content provided?

<p>Academic Writing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept demonstrated by the neural pathways and synapses in our brains?

<p>Neuroplasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a technological problem created by the Internet?

<p>Pressure on American programmers due to low wages in India (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question do Amish bishops consider when discussing the adoption of new technologies?

<p>Does it bring us together, or draw us apart? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way people can influence the development of technologies?

<p>By implementing intellectual property laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these technologies was considered a precursor to commercial computers?

<p>Cash registers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of using erasable slates by Europeans in the late Middle Ages?

<p>As aids to manual calculating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of the course as described?

<p>To develop computer professionals who understand the implications of computer science in society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological change associated with smartphone use?

<p>Heightened feeling of safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major outcome of the 1983 nuclear power moratorium?

<p>Advancements in nuclear technology globally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a course objective?

<p>Teach basic programming languages thoroughly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topic is included in the course outline related to privacy?

<p>Public records and data mining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the course aim to improve related to computer systems?

<p>More usable and secure interactive computer systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues is NOT part of the course's legal, social, or ethical implications exploration?

<p>Game design methodologies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is specifically mentioned as a subject-specific concept in the course?

<p>Cybersecurity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical consideration is included in the outlined course topics?

<p>Theories of ethics and behavior codes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skills does the course aim to equip students with?

<p>A range of academic, professional, technical, and employability skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Information Technology enables people to easily keep in touch?

<p>Email (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following web browsers was noted as one of the earlier browsers developed after the World Wide Web emerged?

<p>Mosaic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem associated with the free access to information through the web?

<p>Harmful consequences of some sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern regarding the use of credit cards in transactions?

<p>Identity theft risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does telecommuting have for employees?

<p>Reduced work-life balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the three important aids to manual calculating?

<p>Mathematical tables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the perspective of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz on manual calculating?

<p>Machines can perform calculations just as accurately as men. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major social change coincided with the market for mechanical calculators in the late 19th century?

<p>Decreased demand for bookkeeping skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drove the fierce competition in the calculator market during the late 19th century?

<p>Continuous improvements in size and speed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main functions of the cash register invented during the late 1800s?

<p>To maintain a printed log of transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the adoption of early calculators impact bookkeeping occupations?

<p>It resulted in the feminization of bookkeeping roles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue were late 1800s store owners primarily trying to solve with the introduction of cash registers?

<p>Keeping accurate sales records (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT an aid to manual calculating mentioned?

<p>Calculator Apps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key feature of IBM's System/360 introduced in 1964?

<p>It allowed for the operation of different programs without rewriting them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovation made personal computers practical as per the content?

<p>The development of the microprocessor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the telegraph, introduced in 1844?

<p>To transmit messages as electrical impulses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone in networking occurred first?

<p>Telegraph (1844) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did the invention of the microprocessor have?

<p>It made personal computers more accessible and affordable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is noted for having the fastest average broadband speed?

<p>South Korea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination was crucial for the establishment of the modern Internet in 1983?

<p>TCP/IP and a network of networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device allowed messages to be printed over telegraph lines as early as 1908?

<p>Teletype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Course Description

Examines the social, legal, ethical, political, and economic impacts of computing, and its place in society.

Course Objectives

Develops computer professionals with awareness of computer science's implications for society, and broadens skills in areas like analysis, design and employability.

Informatics & Computing Concepts

Fundamental concepts of the field, including introductory ideas.

Introduction to Ethics

Explores ethical theories and behavior codes within the context of technology.

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Networked Communications

Focuses on social media, online advertising, and internet surveillance.

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Intellectual Property

Covers rights of intellectual property, peer-to-peer networks, and software protection.

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Privacy Concepts

Examines the issues surrounding privacy, benefits & harms

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Digital Security

Covers computer science and technological subjects like artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, cyber security

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Computer Security

Protecting computer systems and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.

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Cyber Crime

Criminal activities carried out using computers and the internet.

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Cybersecurity

Protecting computer systems and networks from cyber threats.

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Ethical Hacking

Using hacking techniques to identify vulnerabilities in systems with owner's permission.

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AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Computer systems able to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

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Neuroplasticity

The ability of the brain to change its structure and function in response to experiences.

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Technology's Impact on People

Technologies can cause both physical and psychological changes in individuals.

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Technology's Double-Edged Sword

Technologies can solve problems but also create new ones.

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Amish Technology Adoption

The Amish community carefully considers the impact of technology on their community relationships.

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Controlling Technology Adoption

While we cannot stop new technologies from being invented, we can choose whether to adopt them.

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Influencing Technology Development

Individuals and governments can influence the rate at which technologies are developed.

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Aids to Manual Calculation

Early methods of calculation, such as slates and counting boards, laid the groundwork for modern computing.

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Evolution of Computers

Computers evolved from aids to manual calculating, through mechanical machines, to modern digital computers.

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Graphical User Interface

A visual interface that allows users to interact with a computer system using graphical icons, menus, and windows, rather than text-based commands.

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World Wide Web (WWW)

A system of interconnected documents, websites, and other resources accessed over the internet using web browsers. It enables users to access information and connect with others through hyperlinks.

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Search Engine

A software tool that helps users locate information on the World Wide Web.

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Information Technology (IT)

The use of computers and other electronic devices to create, process, store, and share information.

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Telecommuting

Working remotely from home or another location instead of a traditional office.

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Manual Calculating Aids

Tools used before mechanical calculators, like mathematical tables and abacuses, to simplify calculations.

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Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner

An early mechanical calculator invented by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. It was a significant step towards more advanced calculators.

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Social Change Impact on Calculators

The rapid industrialization and economic growth of the Gilded Age created a huge demand for calculators in businesses.

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Calculator Adoption Impact

Calculators led to significant social changes: Fierce competition in the calculator market, continuous improvements in technology, 'deskilling' of bookkeeping, and women replacing men in some roles.

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Deskilling & Feminization

Calculators made bookkeeping tasks easier and faster, making the job less specialized and more accessible to people with average abilities. It also led to a shift in employment towards women.

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Cash Register Problems

Late 19th-century store owners faced issues like inaccurate sales records and employee theft.

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Cash Register Solutions

The cash register was invented to solve these problems by providing printed receipts, transaction logs, and an alarm system.

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NCR Cash Register

An example of a cash register that successfully addressed the problems of late 19th-century stores.

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What did IBM dominate?

IBM dominated the mainframe computer market in the 1960s.

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What was the issue with IBM computers?

IBM computers were incompatible, meaning programs written for one computer wouldn't run on another.

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System/360

System/360 was a series of 19 compatible mainframe computers introduced by IBM in 1964.

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Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer on a single semiconductor chip, invented by Intel in 1970.

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What were the first PCs?

The Altair 8800 (1975) is considered one of the first personal computers.

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Telegraph

A telegraph sends messages using electrical impulses that are converted into data.

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ARPANET

ARPANET, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, was a precursor to the internet, established in 1969.

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Broadband

Broadband is a high-speed internet connection, at least 10 times faster than dial-up.

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Study Notes

Course Description

  • This course explores the social, legal, philosophical, ethical, political, constitutional, and economic impacts of computing.
  • It covers issues computer science professionals face in a technological society.
  • The primary goal is to train computer professionals who comprehend the societal implications of computer science.

Course Objectives

  • Increase awareness and interest in legal, social, ethical, and professional issues.
  • Equip students with academic, professional, personal, technical, transferable, and employability skills.
  • Improve analytical skills for algorithm design in solving computer problems.
  • Provide understanding of techniques and skills for developing more usable, secure interactive computer systems.
  • Deliver subject-specific fundamental concepts like AI, machine learning, big data, and cyber security.

Course Outline

  • Introduction to Informatics and Computing Concepts
  • Introduction to Ethics, Technological Diversity, and Theories of Ethics and Behavior Codes.
  • Networked Communications, Social Media, Online Advertising, Internet Content Surveillance, Freedom of Expression.
  • Intellectual Property Rights, Peer-to-peer Networks, Software Protection, Legitimacy.
  • Privacy Perspectives, Benefits and Harms, Disclosing Information, Public Records, Data Mining, Identity Theft, and Encryption.
  • Privacy and Government
  • Computer and Network Security: Hacking and Malware
  • Midterm Exam
  • Computer Reliability
  • Cyber Crime and Cyber Attacks: Privacy vs. cybersecurity and ethical hacking. Inside cybersecurity businesses.
  • Professional Ethics, Concepts, Ethical codes, professional behavior, authorship, open-source, licenses, privacy, and GDPR.
  • Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and Big Data. How to Develop and Use AI in a Responsible Way.
  • Research skills
  • Work and Wealth
  • Plagiarism and Argumentation: Academic Writing; Plagiarism awareness
  • Final Exam

Course Evaluation

  • Midterm Exam: 30%
  • Quizzes:
  • Homework(s):
  • Projects: 10%
  • Presentation: 10%
  • Laboratory work: 10%
  • Attendance and Participation: 10%
  • Other:
  • Final Exam: 40%

Objectives

  • Consider how social contexts influence technological development and how technologies shape society.
  • Introduce computing history, networking, and information storage/retrieval.
  • Explain how information technology has raised new ethical considerations.

Outline

  • Introduction to computing
  • Milestones in computing
  • Milestones in networking
  • Milestones in information storage and retrieval
  • Contemporary information technology issues

Introduction

  • The Information Age is characterized by low-cost computers and high-speed communication networks.
  • Key technologies include smartphones, video streaming, voice assistants, drones, and self-driving cars.

Transformations

  • Advances in technology, specifically in recent decades.

Transformations (physical impacts)

  • Technology's effects on neural pathways and brain synapses.
  • Physical and psychological impacts of technology.

The Amish and Technology

  • How technological adoption influences social interactions.
  • The Amish perspective on technology.

People Influencing Technology Development

  • The role of intellectual property laws, tax structures, and governmental policies in driving technological advancement.

Milestones in Computing

  • Aids to manual calculating (e.g., slates, abacus)
  • Mechanical calculators
  • Cash registers
  • Punched card tabulation
  • Precursors of commercial computers
  • First commercial computers
  • IBM System/360
  • Microprocessor
  • Personal computer

Calculating Aids

  • Tablet
  • Abacus

Early Mechanical Calculators

  • Social factors contributing to the market for calculators (e.g., the Gilded Age in America).
  • Development of calculators from the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • The rise of competition in the calculator marketplace.
  • Deskilling and feminization of bookkeeping.
  • Impacts upon wages, employment.

Cash Registers

  • Problems faced by store owners in the late 1800s regarding sales record-keeping and employee embezzlement.
  • Cash register innovations as responses to these challenges.

Punched cards (Data Processing Systems)

  • The use of punched cards and their role in early data processing systems.
  • The development and significance of early data processing system and their impacts.

IBM and Holocaust

  • IBM's role in the Holocaust.

First Commercial Computers

  • Precursors and significant early models.
  • IBM's entry into the commercial computer market and subsequent developments.

Programming Languages

  • Assembly language
  • FORTRAN (1957)
  • COBOL (1959)

Time-Sharing Systems and BASIC

  • Time sharing systems.
  • Development of programming languages.

Other Advances

  • Transistor
  • Semiconductor

Moore's Law

  • The implications of Moore's Law for computer development.

IBM System/360

  • Historical context of IBM System/360.
  • The impact of IBM System/360.

Microprocessor and Personal Computer

  • Microprocessor designs.
  • The development of personal computers.

Milestones in Networking

  • Semaphore telegraph
  • Telegraph (1844)
  • Telephone (1876)
  • Typewriter and teletype (1873, 1908)
  • Radio (1895)
  • Television (1927)
  • Remote computing (1940)
  • ARPANET (1969)
  • Email (1972)
  • Internet (1983)
  • Broadband (2000)
  • Graphical User Interface (GUI)
  • World Wide Web (1990)

Other Milestones in Networking

  • Key technologies and developments in networking.

Information Technology

  • Definition of information technology.
  • Examples of IT devices.

IT Issues

  • Challenges and consequences related to various IT technologies (email, web, CDs, MP3s, credit cards).

IT Issues (cont.)

  • Additional concerns related to telecommunications and their impact.

Conclusions

  • Revolutionary discoveries' rarity.
  • Information technology's lengthy history.
  • Accelerating rate of technological change.
  • Importance of viewing computers, not as things that do things to us, but, instead, as inventions we can control, steer, design to do what we want.

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