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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main focuses regarding personal privacy in the course?
What is one of the main focuses regarding personal privacy in the course?
Which topic addresses ethical considerations for IT professionals?
Which topic addresses ethical considerations for IT professionals?
What issue does E-Discovery relate to in the context of privacy?
What issue does E-Discovery relate to in the context of privacy?
How are employers increasingly monitoring their employees, according to the course content?
How are employers increasingly monitoring their employees, according to the course content?
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Which topic is likely to cover the legal responsibilities concerning personal data use?
Which topic is likely to cover the legal responsibilities concerning personal data use?
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What ethical issue is raised by advanced surveillance technologies?
What ethical issue is raised by advanced surveillance technologies?
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Which of the following is a strategy discussed in relation to consumer profiling?
Which of the following is a strategy discussed in relation to consumer profiling?
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What does the course suggest about the balance between privacy and freedom of expression?
What does the course suggest about the balance between privacy and freedom of expression?
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Which topic might discuss the implications of social media on personal privacy?
Which topic might discuss the implications of social media on personal privacy?
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What is a critical aspect of the computing profession discussed in the course?
What is a critical aspect of the computing profession discussed in the course?
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Study Notes
Course Manual: Social and Professional Issues
- This course examines the social impact, implications, and effects of computers, along with the responsibilities of computing professionals in the area of Information Systems.
- Topics covered include: a history of computing, computer applications, computing professions, legal and ethical responsibilities of professionals, and career prospects in computing.
Table of Contents - Social and Professional Issues
- Topic 1: Orientation
- Topic 2: Overview of Ethics
- Topic 3: Ethics for IT Workers and Users
- Topic 4: Cyberattacks and Cybersecurity
- Topic 5: Privacy
- Topic 6: Freedom of Expression
- Topic 7: Intellectual Property
- Topic 8: Ethical Decision in Systems Development
- Topic 9: Impact of Information Technology on Society
- Topic 10: Social Media
- Topic 11: Ethics of IT Organizations
Lesson 5: Privacy
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Learning Outcomes:
- Understand personal privacy rights and their legal basis.
- Identify laws protecting personal data privacy and associated ethical issues.
- Analyze consumer profiling strategies and associated ethical concerns.
- Define and utilize E-Discovery.
- Examine increasing workplace monitoring practices.
- Evaluate the capabilities and ethical implications of advanced surveillance technologies.
Privacy - Learning Objectives
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Part 1:
- Define the right to privacy and its legal basis.
- Understand laws protecting personal data and associated ethical concerns.
- Identify consumer profiling strategies and ethical considerations.
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Part 2:
- Define and describe e-discovery and its applications.
- Explain the reasons and methods behind increasing workplace monitoring.
- Evaluate advanced surveillance technologies and ethical concerns.
Privacy Protection and the Law
- Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the Constitution guarantee specific individual freedoms and rights.
- Fourth Amendment: Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring probable cause and search warrants. Americans are protected when there is a "reasonable expectation of privacy."
Information Privacy
- Right of Privacy: The right to be left alone.
- Information Privacy: Combines communication privacy (ability to communicate without monitoring) and data privacy (ability to control access to one's personal data).
Privacy Laws (Financial Data, Part 1-3)
- Fair Credit Reporting Act: Regulates credit reporting bureaus.
- Right to Financial Privacy Act: Protects financial records from unauthorized scrutiny.
- Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA): Bank deregulation law; involves personal privacy rules (financial privacy rule, opt out, opt in, safeguards, pretexting rule).
- Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act: Consumers can obtain free credit reports annually.
Privacy Laws (Health Information)
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): Improves portability, reduces fraud/abuse, and simplifies administration of health insurance for patients.
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Includes provisions on electronic health records (EHRs), forbidding their sale and promoting audit trails and encryption for patient protection.
Privacy Laws (Children’s Personal Data)
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): Gives parents rights concerning their children’s educational records (access, demand disclosure, amendments, complaints).
- Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA): Protects children's online privacy.
Privacy Laws (Electronic Surveillance-Timeline)
- Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (Wiretap Act): Regulates wire and oral communication interceptions.
- Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA): Describes procedures for electronic surveillance and foreign intelligence collection.
- FISA Court: A court established to handle FISA applications and electronic surveillance approvals.
- Executive Order 12333: Identifies U.S. intelligence-gathering agencies and their data collection, retention, and dissemination procedures.
Privacy Laws (Electronic Surveillance - Parts 4-9)
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Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA): Addresses protection of communications during transfer and in electronic storage, including prohibitions on recording dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling data without a warrant.
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National Security Letters (NSL): FBI-issued letters to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) directing them to provide data/records on subscribers without judicial review.
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Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA): Requires the telecommunications industry to build tools for federal investigators to intercept communications after court orders.
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USA PATRIOT Act: Increased domestic law enforcement and U.S. intelligence agencies' abilities to search telephone, email, medical, financial and other records.
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Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act (2004): Authorizes intelligence gathering on individuals not affiliated with a known terrorist organization.
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Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act (2008): Granted NSA expanded authority for collecting international communications.
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PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011: Extended authorized intelligence gathering on "lone wolves" and searches for business records.
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USA Freedom Act (2015): Amended previously existing laws regarding collection and usage of data.
Privacy Laws (Fair Information Practices)
- The OECD's fair information practices guidelines are considered a model for how organizations should treat consumer data (principles include collection, data quality, purpose specification, use limitation, security safeguards, openness principle, individual participation, and accountability).
- European Union Data Protection Directive: Ensures data transferred to non-EU countries is safe.
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): EU regulations strengthening data protection from non-EU countries.
Summary of Key Topics
- Key information about access to government records, including FOIA, and the protection of personal data in different contexts. Various privacy laws and their implications are examined.
- Privacy concerns with different strategies for profiling consumers, and companies employing these strategies. Data breaches, identity theft, ethical concerns, and relevant legal implications are discussed.
- Analyses of surveillance technologies, their capabilities, and associated ethical issues in the workplace and other areas.
- Overview of electronic discovery (e-discovery) methods and uses in different contexts.
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of privacy rights in the context of social and professional issues pertaining to Information Technology. Explore the implications of personal privacy in today's digital age and how it affects computing professionals and users. Test your knowledge on legal and ethical responsibilities related to privacy.
