Ethics and Experiments in Science
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Questions and Answers

What are ethics primarily concerned with?

  • Moral principles guiding behavior (correct)
  • Statistical analysis
  • Scientific discoveries
  • Experimental procedures

    • Mice are considered model animals for drug study because they do not exhibit any physiological similarities to humans.

    False

    What substance do plants produce during photosynthesis?

    Glucose

    The process by which plants convert excess glucose into starch is known as ______.

    <p>storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nail experiment, which material is used to create the electromagnet?

    <p>Copper Wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage forms in plants with their descriptions:

    <p>Starch = Stored form of glucose in plants Lipids = Oils stored for energy Proteins = Stored for growth and repair Fruits = Reproductive structures storing nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Honesty is one of the ethical values essential for scientific investigations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to make an electromagnet stronger?

    <p>Increase the number of wire coils or use a stronger power source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a monatomic molecule?

    <p>He</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diatomic molecules consist of three or more atoms of a given element.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

    <p>A = p + n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All six noble gases are examples of __________ molecules.

    <p>monatomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of molecules with their definition:

    <p>Monatomic = Single atom of an element Diatomic = Two atoms of a given element Polyatomic = Three or more atoms of a given element Compound = Molecule formed from different elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is considered a polyatomic molecule?

    <p>O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atomic nucleus contains electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a diatomic molecule.

    <p>Oxygen (O2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a homologous series?

    <p>A group of compounds differing by one methylene group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkenes have the suffix '-ane'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular formula for alkanes?

    <p>CnH2n+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix for a hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms is ______.

    <p>Pent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the prefixes with the corresponding number of carbon atoms:

    <p>Meth = 1 But = 4 Hex = 6 Dec = 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct name for a hydrocarbon with 7 carbon atoms and a double bond?

    <p>Heptene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methane is an example of an alkane that contains 2 carbon atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix for alkynes?

    <p>-yne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one use of methane?

    <p>Used for fuel gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biogas is produced by the breakdown of inorganic matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of using biogas.

    <p>Renewable energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethyne is primarily used at high temperatures for _______.

    <p>cutting and welding metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hydrocarbons with their uses:

    <p>Methane = Fuel gas Butane = Lighter fuel Octane = Component of petrol Propene = Feedstock for plastics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hydrocarbons is used as a component of kerosene?

    <p>Decane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suggest one way biogas can be used in local communities.

    <p>As vehicle fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethene is primarily used in agriculture as a pesticide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strong base commonly used for cleaning?

    <p>Sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium hydroxide is used to manufacture paper.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one product that can be made from sodium hydroxide.

    <p>Soap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ can be used as a natural indicator due to its color-changing properties.

    <p>Beetroot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main advantages of using local indicators?

    <p>They are easier to access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following acids and bases with their corresponding characteristics:

    <p>Hydrochloric acid = Corrosive and strong acid Sodium hydroxide = Commonly used strong base Sulfuric acid = Used in batteries Potassium hydroxide = Caustic potash, strong base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic indicators have no negative effects on human health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one precaution to take when working with strong acids and bases.

    <p>Wear acid-resistant gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethics in Scientific Investigations

    • Scientific investigations involving humans and animals should adhere to ethical principles.
    • Key ethical values include honesty, transparency, objectivity, safety, and minimizing harm.

    Mice as Model Animals

    • Mice are commonly used as model animals in drug studies due to their genetic similarity to humans, relatively short lifespans, and ease of breeding.

    Electromagnetism Experiment

    • This experiment demonstrates the principles of electromagnetism.
    • A coiled wire wrapped around a nail acts as an electromagnet when connected to a battery.
    • The electromagnet picks up paper clips due to the magnetic field generated.

    Photosynthesis and Food Storage in Plants

    • Plants produce glucose through photosynthesis as their primary food source.
    • Excess glucose is converted into starch, lipids (oils), and proteins for storage.
    • Storage primarily occurs in underground organs like roots and tubers, but other plant parts can also serve as storage organs.

    Molecules

    • A molecule is the smallest stable unit of an element or compound that can exist independently.
    • Elements can form monatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic molecules.
    • Compounds are formed when two or more atoms of different elements combine.
    • Examples of monatomic molecules include the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn).
    • Examples of diatomic molecules include Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Fluorine (F2), Chlorine (Cl2), Bromine (Br2), and Iodine (I2).
    • Examples of polyatomic molecules include Ozone (O3), Phosphorus (P4), and Sulfur (S8).

    Atomic Structure

    • Atoms consist of a nucleus and electron shells.
    • The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, where the majority of an atom’s mass is concentrated.
    • The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
    • The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

    Homologous Series in Hydrocarbons

    • A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with similar structures and properties, differing by a single methylene (CH2) unit.
    • Example: The alkane family (methane, ethane, propane, etc.) is a homologous series.

    Naming Hydrocarbons

    • Hydrocarbon names are based on the number of carbon atoms present, indicated by prefixes.
    • Suffixes differentiate between alkanes (-ane), alkenes (-ene), and alkynes (-yne).
    • Example: Butane (alkane with 4 carbon atoms), Heptene (alkene with 7 carbon atoms).

    Biogas

    • Biogas is a renewable fuel produced from the breakdown of organic matter like food and animal wastes.
    • It can be used for various purposes, including vehicle fuel, heating, and electricity generation.

    Uses of Hydrocarbons

    • Methane used for fuel gas.
    • Butane used in lighters.
    • Propane and butane used in bottled gas.
    • Octane used as a component of gasoline.
    • Decane used in kerosene.
    • Ethene and propene used as feedstock for polymers (plastics).
    • Ethyne used for cutting and welding metals.

    Acids and Bases

    • Strong acids and bases are corrosive and pose safety hazards.
    • Precautions include wearing protective gloves, washing with water if splashed, and handling them with care.

    Indicators

    • Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases.
    • Synthetic indicators can be harmful to humans and the environment.
    • Natural indicators can be extracted from various parts of plants, offering a safer and eco-friendly alternative.
    • Examples of natural indicators include beetroot and petunia flowers.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key ethical principles in scientific investigations, focusing on the use of animals and humans. It also explores the role of mice in research, the principles of electromagnetism, and the process of photosynthesis in plants. Test your knowledge across these important topics!

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