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Chapter 2: Methods 1 The Scientific Method and Research Ethics with Humans

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the Scientific Method?

Gather information

Generate a hypothesis

Design and conduct experiments

Identify the problem (correct)

Which ethical principle involves doing no harm and maximizing benefits?

Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility

Principle D: Justice

Principle C: Integrity

Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence (correct)

What is a key consideration for participants with decisional impairment to be involved in research?

Excluding these participants from research studies

Informed consent from parent or guardian and assent from participant (correct)

Having the research conducted without consent

Providing consent only from the participant themselves

Which step follows 'Analyzing data and formulating conclusions' in the Scientific Method?

Restart the process Signup and view all the answers

What does Principle E of the APA ethical principles emphasize regarding research participants?

Respecting the rights and dignity of participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

Behavioural reactivity where a person changes their behaviour as a result of being observed Signup and view all the answers

What does internal validity refer to in research?

The degree to which results can be attributed to the independent variable and not other explanations Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical measure provides information about the spread of data around the mean?

Standard deviation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of descriptive statistics in analyzing data?

To describe the central tendency of the data Signup and view all the answers

What does external validity in research refer to?

The degree to which results can be generalized to other people, settings, and times Signup and view all the answers

What does a correlation coefficient of +1 indicate?

A perfect positive linear relationship between variables Signup and view all the answers