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Questions and Answers
A good ethical idea for a study would be to randomly assign people to two groups: one exposed to water contaminated with microplastics and a control group getting uncontaminated water.
False
Ecological studies provide a snapshot in time of a person's exposure and outcome.
False
Selection bias is common in almost every study.
True
Observational studies are ideal for testing new possible disease treatments.
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Biases such as selection bias or recall bias can lead to a false positive association between an exposure and an outcome.
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Study Notes
Ethical Study Design
- A study exposing people to water contaminated with microplastics without informed consent would be unethical and unlikely to receive approval.
Study Design Types
- Ecological studies capture a snapshot of people's exposure and outcome at a specific point in time.
- Observational studies are well-suited to investigate the effects of hazardous exposures.
- Experimental studies are the preferred design for testing new treatments.
- Ecological studies can be used for generating hypotheses that can be further investigated with more sophisticated study designs.
Confounding Variables
- Confounding variables can distort the relationship between exposure and outcome, suggesting an association where one doesn't exist.
Bias in Studies
- Selection bias is a common type of error that can occur in various study designs.
- Recalling bias can lead to false positive associations between exposure and outcome.
- Both selection bias and recall bias can result in inaccurate conclusions about the relationship between an exposure and an outcome.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of ethical study design in research, including the importance of informed consent and various study types such as ecological, observational, and experimental studies. Understand the implications of confounding variables and biases like selection and recall bias that can affect study outcomes.
