Podcast
Questions and Answers
What ethical concern is raised by behavioral targeting in information systems?
What ethical concern is raised by behavioral targeting in information systems?
Which principle can guide ethical decisions in the context of information systems?
Which principle can guide ethical decisions in the context of information systems?
How do contemporary information systems technology and the Internet challenge the protection of intellectual property?
How do contemporary information systems technology and the Internet challenge the protection of intellectual property?
What is a primary purpose of behavioral targeting in digital marketing?
What is a primary purpose of behavioral targeting in digital marketing?
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What is one effect of information systems on everyday life?
What is one effect of information systems on everyday life?
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What does NORA technology primarily aim to achieve?
What does NORA technology primarily aim to achieve?
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Which factor contributes to the ease of accessing personal data from remote locations?
Which factor contributes to the ease of accessing personal data from remote locations?
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How does profiling leverage data analysis techniques?
How does profiling leverage data analysis techniques?
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What has contributed to the rapidly declining data storage costs?
What has contributed to the rapidly declining data storage costs?
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What is a potential ethical concern related to data profiling and NORA technology?
What is a potential ethical concern related to data profiling and NORA technology?
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What ethical dilemma is illustrated by the cases of Barclays Bank and Walmart?
What ethical dilemma is illustrated by the cases of Barclays Bank and Walmart?
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Which aspect is NOT one of the five moral dimensions of the information age?
Which aspect is NOT one of the five moral dimensions of the information age?
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What is a significant challenge posed by information systems regarding ethics?
What is a significant challenge posed by information systems regarding ethics?
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Which model compares society to a 'calm pond' and IT to a 'rock'?
Which model compares society to a 'calm pond' and IT to a 'rock'?
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What does the phrase 'ripples of new situations' in the ethical model refer to?
What does the phrase 'ripples of new situations' in the ethical model refer to?
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Which of the following best describes one challenge with measuring ethics?
Which of the following best describes one challenge with measuring ethics?
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What key technology trend is mentioned as raising ethical issues?
What key technology trend is mentioned as raising ethical issues?
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What is a critical social change driven by information systems?
What is a critical social change driven by information systems?
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Which principle of the FTC Fair Information Practice emphasizes the need for websites to disclose their data collection practices prior to gathering user information?
Which principle of the FTC Fair Information Practice emphasizes the need for websites to disclose their data collection practices prior to gathering user information?
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Which of the following acts relates to the protection of children's online privacy?
Which of the following acts relates to the protection of children's online privacy?
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According to FTC Fair Information Practice principles, what must consumers be allowed to do regarding their personal data?
According to FTC Fair Information Practice principles, what must consumers be allowed to do regarding their personal data?
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What is required by the European Directive on Data Protection before companies can collect personal data?
What is required by the European Directive on Data Protection before companies can collect personal data?
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What does the enforcement principle of the FTC FIP ensure?
What does the enforcement principle of the FTC FIP ensure?
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Which framework allows U.S. businesses to operate under self-regulation concerning privacy without heavy governmental oversight?
Which framework allows U.S. businesses to operate under self-regulation concerning privacy without heavy governmental oversight?
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Which principle does the FTC FIP emphasize to ensure that personal data security is maintained?
Which principle does the FTC FIP emphasize to ensure that personal data security is maintained?
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What is a significant restriction imposed by the European Directive on Data Protection regarding data transfer?
What is a significant restriction imposed by the European Directive on Data Protection regarding data transfer?
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What does accountability refer to in an ethical context?
What does accountability refer to in an ethical context?
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Which ethical principle emphasizes treating others as one wishes to be treated?
Which ethical principle emphasizes treating others as one wishes to be treated?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the five-step ethical analysis?
Which of the following is NOT part of the five-step ethical analysis?
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What does the due process principle ensure?
What does the due process principle ensure?
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What does the utilitarian principle advocate?
What does the utilitarian principle advocate?
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Which principle suggests that an action is not right if it cannot be universally applied?
Which principle suggests that an action is not right if it cannot be universally applied?
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What is the first step in the five-step ethical analysis?
What is the first step in the five-step ethical analysis?
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What does liability allow individuals and firms to do?
What does liability allow individuals and firms to do?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Understanding ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems.
- Identifying principles to guide ethical conduct and decision-making.
- Examining challenges posed by modern information technology to privacy and intellectual property.
- Analyzing the impact of information systems on daily life.
Behavioral Targeting and Privacy
- Behavioral targeting enhances online ad efficiency by tracking user activity across various sites.
- Google employs tracking files for user monitoring, while businesses analyze site activity to understand consumer behavior.
- Ethical concerns arise regarding the implications of such extensive online information collection.
Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems
- Recent ethical failures include notable cases from Barclays, GlaxoSmithKline, and Walmart, highlighting misuse of information systems for unethical practices.
- Ethical principles guide individual choices, affecting behaviors within information systems.
Ethical Challenges and Social Change
- Information systems provoke new ethical questions, fostering significant social changes.
- They facilitate new types of crime and challenge existing norms of power, rights, and responsibilities.
- Difficulties arise in comparing individual ethics against financial incentives.
Ethical Framework
- Society's structure can be likened to a calm pond; information technology creates ripples that disrupt existing norms and require time to address.
- Understanding ethics is crucial for navigating uncertain legal landscapes.
Moral Dimensions of the Information Age
- Five key moral dimensions:
- Information rights and obligations
- Property rights and obligations
- Accountability and control
- System quality
- Quality of life
Key Technology Trends and Ethical Issues
- Rapid increases in computer power and declining data storage costs lead organizations to maintain extensive databases on individuals.
- Advances in networking and data analysis facilitate easy data sharing and profiling (e.g., Nonobvious Relationship Awareness or NORA) to uncover hidden connections.
NORA Technology
- NORA identifies obscure relationships among individuals by aggregating data from varied sources, potentially flagging security concerns.
Ethics in Information Society
- Basic concepts for ethical analysis include:
- Responsibility: Acknowledging the impacts of decisions.
- Accountability: Identifying those responsible for actions.
- Liability: Allowing recovery for damages.
- Due process: Ensuring fair application of laws.
Five-Step Ethical Analysis
- Identify the facts of the situation.
- Define the ethical dilemma and relevant values.
- Identify stakeholders affected by the decision.
- Explore possible actions to take.
- Assess potential outcomes for each action.
Candidate Ethical Principles
- Golden Rule: Treat others as you wish to be treated.
- Categorical Imperative: Actions should be universally applicable.
- Descartes' Rule of Change: Actions should be repeatable without harm.
- Utilitarian Principle: Choose actions that provide the greatest benefit.
- Risk Aversion Principle: Opt for actions with minimal risk or harm.
Privacy Legislation and the FTC
- The Federal Trade Commission’s Fair Information Practice principles include:
- Notice/Awareness: Disclosing data practices prior to collection.
- Choice/Consent: Allowing consumers to control data usage.
- Access/Participation: Enabling review of personal data accuracy.
- Security: Ensuring data accuracy and safety.
- Enforcement: Establishing accountability mechanisms.
European Data Protection Directive
- Companies must inform individuals about data collection, usage, and storage.
- Requires informed consent and restricts data transfer outside the EU without equivalent privacy safeguards.
- U.S. businesses often operate under a self-regulating safe harbor framework to comply with privacy objectives without strict government enforcement.
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Description
Explore the ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems in this quiz on Chapter 4. Understand the guiding principles for ethical decision-making and the impact of contemporary technology. Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts of ethics in information systems.