Ethical Hacking Overview and Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of a bot?

  • To send automatic responses to users (correct)
  • To create data backups automatically
  • To install software updates
  • To monitor network security

    • Which of the following actions is considered illegal?

  • Accessing a computer with permission
  • Installing software updates
  • Copying information with license
  • Destroying user data without permission (correct)

    • What is the primary goal of the Purple Team?

  • To maximize the effectiveness of their work and defensive controls (correct)
  • To manage internal security audits
  • To conduct offensive security operations
  • To develop software solutions

    • What is the benefit of using a contract in business?

    <p>It can clarify responsibilities and protect interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which certification is considered the minimum requirement for network security professionals?

    <p>CompTIA Security+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when using security testing tools?

    <p>Their use should be authorized to avoid legal issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the OSCP/OSCE certification emphasize?

    <p>Hands-on ability in penetration testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended step when drafting a business contract?

    <p>Signing it without reading the terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to understand local laws regarding cyber activities?

    <p>They can vary greatly and impact legal assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of simply memorizing terminology for certification exams?

    <p>Lack of actual subject matter understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be proven in Hawaii for a lockpicking tools possession charge?

    <p>Intent to commit a crime must be shown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organizations offer certification programs for penetration testing?

    <p>EC-Council and SANS Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the legality of port scanning?

    <p>State laws can dictate its legality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an ethical hacker and a cracker?

    <p>Ethical hackers have explicit permission from system owners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of penetration testing?

    <p>To identify vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT something an ethical hacker can do legally?

    <p>Access unauthorized systems without permission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ethical hacking and penetration testing relate in terms of objective?

    <p>Both aim to uncover vulnerabilities and enhance security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role aims to find the weakest links in a company's network?

    <p>Penetration tester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of activities does an ethical hacker perform?

    <p>Simulated cyber attacks with permission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ethical hacking in terms of organizational policy?

    <p>It requires regular updates to company security protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ethical hacking from illegal hacking?

    <p>Ethical hacking includes organization consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of penetration testing compared to ethical hacking?

    <p>Targeting specific systems for regular exploitation attempts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding vulnerability assessments?

    <p>They often yield a high rate of false positives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of penetration testing?

    <p>It serves as a proof of concept for discovered vulnerabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tools are used in vulnerability assessments and penetration testing?

    <p>VAPT tools that automate scans for vulnerabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the outcome of a vulnerability assessment?

    <p>It produces a report with mitigation guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between vulnerability assessments and penetration testing?

    <p>Vulnerability assessments often precede penetration testing as an early step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about ethical hackers is correct?

    <p>They have a broader and more comprehensive understanding of system security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment includes analyzing the company's security policy and procedures?

    <p>Vulnerability Assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the hacking process?

    <p>Reconnaissance: Information Gathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model allows a hacker to have complete knowledge of the system during penetration testing?

    <p>White box model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key legal consideration before conducting a security test?

    <p>Federal and state laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following companies has the highest maximum payout in their bug bounty program?

    <p>Apple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a security tester do to ensure they are legally protected during their work?

    <p>Draft a contract and have an attorney review it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step in the hacking process is concerned with privilege escalation?

    <p>Post Exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which certification is NOT commonly associated with security testers?

    <p>PMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hacking phase would a hacker focus on clearing tracks and cleanup?

    <p>Post Exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethical Hacking Overview

    • Ethical hackers perform the same actions as malicious hackers, but with authorization from the owner.
    • Hackers access computer systems or networks without authorization and break the law.
    • Crackers break into systems to steal, destroy data, or remove IP protections.

    Ethical Hacking & Penetration Testing

    • Ethical hacking/penetration testing simulate real cyberattacks to evaluate security vulnerabilities in networks, systems, applications, or data.
    • Goal is to strengthen security posture and identify weaknesses before attackers exploit them.

    Ethical Hacking vs Penetration Testing

    • Both are offensive security roles with no difference from a learning perspective.
    • Penetration testing focuses on finding vulnerabilities and risks within a specific event.
    • Ethical hackers provide a more comprehensive security assessment.

    Vulnerability Assessments

    • Vulnerability assessments aim to enumerate all vulnerabilities in applications or systems.
    • They use specialized tools to scan for vulnerabilities.
    • They recommend remediation or mitigation when needed.

    Vulnerability Assessments vs Penetration Testing

    • Vulnerability assessments are broad in scope and may have a high rate of false positives.
    • Penetration testing is more focused and provides proof of concept for vulnerabilities.

    VAPT Tools

    • Automate the scanning of new and existing threats for applications.
    • Include web application scanners, protocol scanners, and network scanners.

    Certification Programs

    • Certification programs are crucial for securing jobs in network security.
    • Minimum certifications include CompTIA Security+ or equivalent, as well as CISSP.

    Certification Programs for Ethical Hacking and Pentesting

    • CEH/Practical (EC-Council) - requires hands-on abilities for certification.
    • OSCP/OSCE (Offensive Security) - a notoriously difficult and lengthy exam.
    • OSSTMM Professional Security Tester (ISECOM)
    • GPEN (GIAC Penetration Tester)
    • GWAPT (GIAC Web Application Penetration Tester)

    Legality of Actions

    • Port scanning and bot usage are legal in some states but not others.
    • Research state laws and ISP acceptable use policies.

    Illegal Actions

    • Accessing computers without permission
    • Destroying data without permission
    • Copying information without permission
    • Installing viruses to deny access to network resources
    • Impeding employee workflow

    Contracts

    • Always use contracts for legal protection and define the scope of work.

    Bug Bounty Programs

    • Companies offer rewards to ethical hackers for finding and reporting vulnerabilities.

    Hacking Steps

    • Reconnaissance - Information gathering (e.g., footprinting, port scanning)
    • Enumeration/Threat-modeling/Vulnerability Analysis
    • Exploitation/Gaining Access/System Hacking
    • Post-Exploitation - Privilege escalation, lateral movement, maintaining access, clear tracks.
    • Reporting or Data Exfiltration

    Summary

    • Companies hire ethical hackers to perform penetration tests and discover vulnerabilities.
    • Penetration test models include white box, black box, and gray box.
    • Security testers can earn certifications like CEH, CISSP, and OPST.
    • Understanding legal limitations and ISP policies is crucial for conducting secure tests.
    • Use contracts and consult with an attorney before conducting a security test.
    • Learn and use tools responsibly and with proper authorization.

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    Related Documents

    000ch0-Intro.pdf

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of ethical hacking and penetration testing. Learn about the roles of ethical hackers and crackers, and how vulnerability assessments are conducted to strengthen security. This quiz will enhance your understanding of offensive security practices.

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