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Questions and Answers
What is the most egregious violation of patient autonomy in the scenario where a medical specialist performs a hysterectomy without patient consent?
It is a blatant disregard for the patient's right to make decisions about their own body and health.
How does the performance of illegal abortions without qualifications by a nurse exemplify a violation of distributive justice in resource allocation?
It exemplifies a violation of distributive justice because it prioritizes the nurse's interests over the patient's right to access safe and qualified medical care, leading to inequitable distribution of healthcare resources.
In the scenario where an OT fails to supervise a client, resulting in self-harm, what moral distress might the OT experience?
The OT may experience moral distress due to feeling guilty or remorseful about failing to provide adequate care, leading to harm to the client.
What is the primary concern related to surrogate decision-making in the scenario where a medical specialist performs a hysterectomy without patient consent?
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How does the pharmacist's prescription of an ineffective drug for financial benefits violate the principle of privacy and confidentiality?
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What is the ethical issue related to resource allocation in the scenario where an OT prescribes poor splinting products for financial benefits?
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In the scenario where a medical specialist performs a hysterectomy without patient consent, what is the implication for the patient's autonomy and reproductive rights?
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How does the nurse's performance of illegal abortions without qualifications exemplify moral futility?
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What is the primary concern related to patient autonomy in the scenario where a pharmacist prescribes an ineffective drug for financial benefits?
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How does the OT's failure to supervise a client resulting in self-harm exemplify a violation of distributive justice in resource allocation?
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Study Notes
Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare
- Resources available, including organizational and medical resources, impact ethical decision making.
Identifying Ethical Issues
- Ethical issues may arise from competing ethical concerns, such as individual welfare vs. resource allocation.
- Examples of common ethical concerns in clinical settings include:
- Patient's right to refuse or demand treatment (Moral Distress).
- Questions of futility and withholding or withdrawing treatment (Moral Distress).
- Appropriate surrogacy or substituted judgment (Moral Confusion).
- Organizational limitations of services (Moral Sadness).
- Policies and practices regarding privacy and confidentiality (Moral Sadness).
Framing the Issue
- A specific moral or eclectic approach may be used to frame the issue.
- Identification of appropriate decision maker(s) is necessary, such as the patient, family, court, or healthcare team.
- Application of criteria to reach clinical decisions includes:
- Biomedical good of the patient regarding diagnosis and prognosis.
- Broader goods and interests of the patient regarding dignity, religious faith, and relationships.
- Goods and interests of other parties, such as distribution of resources.
Making a Decision
- Ethical decision making requires clinical judgment, organizational judgment, practical wisdom, and moral argument.
- Ethical considerations for decision making include:
- Balancing benefits and harms in patient care.
- Disclosure, informed consent, and shared decision making.
- Norms of family life and personal belief.
- Relationships between clinicians and patients.
- Professional integrity of health professionals.
- Cost-effectiveness and resource allocation.
- Issues of cultural and religious variation.
- Considerations of power differences and vulnerability.
- Organizational mission, goals, and needs.
- Research subjects.
- Vulnerable populations-access, cultural needs.
- Health literacy.
Critiquing a Decision
- Seeking colleagues' input and including another perspective is essential.
- Basic ethical principles include:
- Respect for autonomy.
- Non-Maleficence.
- Beneficence.
- Justice.
- Veracity.
- Confidentiality.
- Informed consent.
Respect for Autonomy
- Mentally and legally competent patients have the capacity to make decisions independently.
- Examples of violating respect for autonomy include:
- Performing a hysterectomy without patient consent.
- Tendon rupture caused by early mobilizing of a client without proper care.
- Performing illegal abortions without qualifications.
- Failure to check contraindicated diet for a diabetic patient.
- Failure to supervise a client resulting in injury.
- Prescribing ineffective drugs or poor splinting products knowingly for financial benefits.
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of the organizational, medical, and social factors that influence ethical decision making in healthcare, including patient goals and treatment options.
