Ethical Considerations in Research

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Questions and Answers

What year was the global guidelines for ethics in research on humans issued following the review of previous guidelines?

  • 1982
  • 2002
  • 1992 (correct)
  • 1990

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that a scientific researcher should possess?

  • Creativity (correct)
  • Transparency
  • Integrity
  • Credibility

What is a crucial aspect of credibility in research as mentioned in the content?

  • Citing only favorable data
  • Conducting research without peer review
  • Manipulating results for better acceptance
  • Reporting results as they appeared (correct)

What is the primary function of research ethics committees?

<p>To review research projects for ethical compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions compromises the ethical standards of a researcher?

<p>Altering data to achieve desired outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for research ethics committees to review projects before implementation?

<p>To protect the rights and safety of research participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ethical guideline emphasize regarding the use of others' results in research?

<p>Data should not be misrepresented or altered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do research ethics committees prioritize in their evaluations?

<p>The adherence to ethical guidelines and participant rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a concern of research ethics committees?

<p>Budget constraints of the research project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do research ethics committees help maintain trust in the research process?

<p>By reviewing and approving research based on ethical standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when conducting research regarding authorship?

<p>Including individuals who did not contribute to the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the research structure is primarily focused on the research methodology?

<p>Material and Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a scientific supervisor play in the research process?

<p>They help choose a suitable research topic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Conclusion and Recommendations' section in research?

<p>To suggest future work or implications based on the findings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one maintain academic integrity when using others' ideas in research?

<p>By appropriately citing the original sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant reason for emphasizing research ethics?

<p>To prevent exploitation and misuse of human subjects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document was established to outline ethical principles for experiments on human subjects after World War II?

<p>Nuremberg Code (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Helsinki Declaration approved by the World Medical Association?

<p>1964 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was revisited in 1982 by the Conference of World Medical Organizations?

<p>The Nuremberg Code and Helsinki Declaration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research context can committees operate at?

<p>At local, global, or institutional levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Ethics Committees

These committees play a crucial role in ensuring ethical research practices before any research project is conducted.

Ethics Review Committees

These committees review research projects for compliance with ethical regulations and guidelines.

Ethics Approval

Before a research study can begin, the research project is reviewed by an ethics committee to ensure potential participants are protected and their rights are upheld.

Participant Safety

Ethics committees prioritize the safety and well-being of research participants.

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Participant Rights

Ethics committees ensure that research projects respect participant rights. This includes the right to informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality.

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Nuremberg Code

Ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects. It emphasizes the importance of informed consent, minimizing risks to participants, and safeguarding their welfare.

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The Nuremberg Code

A document that outlined ethical guidelines for medical research using human participants after the atrocities of World War II.

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The Declaration of Helsinki

A document that further refined and expanded the ethical principles laid out by the Nuremberg Code.

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The World Medical Association (WMA) revises both the Declaration of Helsinki and the Nuremberg Code.

A document that provided ethical guidelines for medical researchers, further refining and expanding the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki.

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Why is Ethical Research so Important?

A document that emphasized the need for informed consent, minimizing risks, and safeguarding the welfare of participants. It emerged from the atrocities of World War II.

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Research Integrity

Honesty and integrity in reporting research findings. Researchers should present accurate data, avoid manipulation, and acknowledge the work of others.

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Ethical Guidelines for Research

A set of ethical principles that guide research involving human subjects. They aim to protect the well-being and rights of participants.

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World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki

The global standard for ethical research guidelines, revised in 1992 to strengthen ethical practices.

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Accurate Reporting of Findings

The process of presenting research findings accurately and transparently without fabricating or manipulating data.

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Proper Attribution

Acknowledging and giving credit to the original source of information or ideas used in research.

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Citing Sources

Acknowledging the source of information used in your research by citing it appropriately.

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Appropriate Research Experience

Ensuring that the research aligns with your level of expertise and training.

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Abstract

A brief summary of the main points of the research, including the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.

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Material & Method

A detailed explanation of the research methods used to collect and analyze data.

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Discussion

A section where the researcher interprets and discusses the findings, comparing them to existing knowledge and highlighting key takeaways.

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Study Notes

Ethical Considerations in Research

  • Research ethics committees review projects to ensure participant safety and rights, following ethical guidelines.
  • These committees can be local, international, or within educational/healthcare institutions.
  • History shows instances of unethical research practices, like Nazi medical experiments, highlighting the need for ethical standards.
  • The Nuremberg Code (post-WWII) established ethical guidelines for human experimentation.
  • The Declaration of Helsinki (1964, updated) is a global medical association's guide for medical research.
  • In 1982, the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki were revisited by global medical associations
  • Further guidelines and revisions emerged for human research ethics .
  • Ethical research requires adherence to established principles and guidelines.

Characteristics of a Research Scientist

  • Researchers should display integrity and honesty.
  • Results must be reported accurately.
  • Avoid altering or fabricating data.
  • Avoid plagiarism.
  • Properly cite sources for all ideas.
  • Avoid falsely claiming contributions by others.
  • Must keep experience/training in line with current work.
  • Consult experienced researchers when necessary.

Structure of a Scientific Research Paper

  • Abstract: Summary of the research.
  • Introduction: Context of the research topic.
  • Aim of Study: Research objective(s).
  • Methodology: Procedures employed.
  • Results: Findings.
  • Discussion: Interpretation of results.
  • Conclusion and Recommendations: Summary and implications.
  • Literature Cited/References: Sources consulted.

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