Ethical Conduct in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is considered Protected Health Information (PHI)?

  • Details of a patient's family history unrelated to their own health.
  • Sensitive information about an individual’s emotional well-being.
  • Notes from group therapy sessions that do not identify participants.
  • Information about an individual's past, present, or future health condition. (correct)

Which of the following is a distinguishing factor of psychotherapy notes?

  • They must document all medical interventions performed.
  • They are integrated with the patient's medical record.
  • They can be disclosed without the patient's consent under certain conditions.
  • They are recorded during a counseling session and separated from medical records. (correct)

What is a recommended method for advertising mental health services?

  • Presenting workshops or seminars to local community groups. (correct)
  • Creating advertisements that guarantee patient results.
  • Networking exclusively with healthcare professionals.
  • Utilizing only social media platforms for advertising.

How can mental health professionals prevent burnout?

<p>By regularly building and participating in consultation groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which guidelines should mental health professionals follow when considering advertising?

<p>They should leverage digital platforms and community involvement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by informed consent in research?

<p>Participants need detailed knowledge about the study and their rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT included in the informed consent process?

<p>Crediting authors involved in the study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can psychologists dispense with informed consent?

<p>When the research is observational and poses no distress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should psychologists clarify to participants at the outset of experimental treatment research?

<p>The random assignment to treatment or control groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is considered unethical in research?

<p>Misrepresenting data to support a desired outcome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Informed consent involves informing participants about which of the following?

<p>The experimental nature of treatment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the informed consent regarding participation incentives?

<p>The exact amount of monetary compensation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Failing to report or publish research findings can lead to which of the following issues?

<p>Misleading the academic community and public. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

PHI (Protected Health Information)

Information about a person's physical or mental health, or payment for healthcare.

Psychotherapy Notes

Notes from a mental health professional about conversations during counseling sessions, separate from a patient's medical record.

Ethical Research Practices

Research methods that protect participant privacy and avoid harm (e.g., anonymity, confidentiality).

Professional Advertising

Using appropriate methods (like websites and networking) to build a client base ethically.

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Professional Support Systems

Building networks of colleagues, referral sources, and associations that can prevent burnout and provide consultation.

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Informed Consent

Participants must understand the research, potential risks, benefits, and their rights before agreeing to participate.

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Research Purpose/Procedures

Researchers must explain the study's goals, actions, and how it will be done in detailed.

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Withdrawal Rights

Participants have the freedom to stop participating at any point without consequences.

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Potential Risks/Benefits

Researchers must detail the potential harms and advantages to participants.

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Confidentiality Limitations

Researchers must clarify how and when personal data is protected or disclosed.

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Incentives/Costs

Researchers must disclose any incentives or costs related to participation.

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Experimental Treatments

In experimental research, participants need to be informed about the nature of the treatment they receive, control group access, and alternatives if unavailable.

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Exceptions to Informed Consent

In some cases, informed consent may be waived if research won't cause distress and involves studying normal educational practices.

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Study Notes

Ethical Conduct in Psychology

  • Misconduct: Hyperclaiming, causism, fabricating data, data dropping, misrepresenting data, failing to report research, and failing to credit authors are unethical practices.
  • Essential information: Researchers must inform participants about:
    • The study's purpose, duration, and procedures
    • The right to decline or withdraw participation and consequences
    • Foreseeable risks, discomfort, or adverse effects
    • Potential benefits
    • Limits of confidentiality
    • Incentives for participation and contact information
  • Intervention research: For experimental treatments, researchers must disclose:
    • The experimental nature of the intervention
    • Available services to control groups
    • Assignment methods
    • Alternatives
    • Compensation or costs
  • Exceptions: Informed consent may be waived when:
    • Research is unlikely to cause distress or harm and involves:
      • Educational practices
      • Anonymous questionnaires, naturalistic observations, or archival research without the risk of criminal or civil liabilities, impacting financial or professional standing, or reputation
      • Confidentiality is protected

HIPAA Distinctions

  • PHI (Protected Health Information): Information about a patient's physical or mental health, associated treatments, and payments.
  • Psychotherapy notes: Records of counseling sessions, analyses, or discussions. Must be kept separate from the rest of the medical record.

Advertising Guidelines

  • Methods: Utilize business cards, websites, blogs, and social media.
  • Networking: Connect with colleagues and referral sources. Engage with local associations and community groups, such as presentations at the YMCA.
  • Support systems: Develop consultation groups for support and to prevent burnout. Discuss challenging situations.
  • Professional organizations: Join local and state psychological associations.

APA and PA Codes on Business Issues

  • Relevant Codes: APA and PA codes address ethical considerations in business practices, presumably including financial aspects and relationships.

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