Ch.3 - Ethernet Basics (Network+)
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Questions and Answers

Which company was involved in the development of the original Ethernet standard in 1980?

  • Digital Equipment Corporation (correct)
  • IBM
  • Cisco Systems
  • Microsoft

    • What is the primary function of the IEEE 802.3 working group?

  • To develop protocols for wireless communication.
  • To manage the development and maintenance of Ethernet standards. (correct)
  • To standardize the use of TCP/IP.
  • To set security protocols for network devices.

    • What is the primary driver behind the exponential increase in Ethernet speeds over time?

  • Development of more efficient networking protocols.
  • Increased bandwidth of network media and hardware. (correct)
  • The introduction of fiber optic cables as the primary network medium.
  • Improvements in CPU processing power.

    • What was the original speed of Ethernet?

    <p>10 Mbps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym PARC stand for in the context of the development of Ethernet?

    <p>Palo Alto Research Center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of Ethernet as defined by the IEEE 802.3 standards?

    <p>IP address management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental difference between the earlier network used as a template for Ethernet and Ethernet itself?

    <p>The earlier network was half-duplex, while Ethernet was full-duplex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated the creation of Ethernet?

    <p>To provide a faster and more reliable way to connect computers in a local area network. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version of Ethernet is primarily used for data frames today?

    <p>Ethernet II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these companies were involved in the standardization of Ethernet?

    <p>3Com and Xerox. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism used by Ethernet nodes to identify each other?

    <p>MAC address (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of cable was used in the original Ethernet network?

    <p>Coaxial cable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Ethernet II frame format and the IEEE 802.3 frame format?

    <p>The presence or absence of a Type field (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original topology of Ethernet?

    <p>Bus topology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE regarding full-duplex communication?

    <p>Full-duplex communication allows devices to simultaneously transmit and receive data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) in an Ethernet frame?

    <p>To detect and correct errors in the data frame. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the "carrier sense" portion of CSMA/CD?

    <p>To monitor the network media for data transmissions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the IEEE 802.3 standard discusses general information on Gigabit Ethernet?

    <p>Section Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the use of CSMA/CD in half-duplex Ethernet?

    <p>To prevent collisions between data frames. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields within an Ethernet frame is responsible for defining the length of the data field?

    <p>Type/Length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the "collision detection" function of CSMA/CD?

    <p>Detecting when two or more nodes attempt to transmit data simultaneously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a listed Working Group or Study Group under the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee?

    <p>Video Conferencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of full-duplex Ethernet compared to half-duplex Ethernet?

    <p>It doesn't require the use of CSMA/CD due to dedicated transmission paths. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Ethernet frame's "Destination Address" field?

    <p>To indicate the intended recipient of the data packet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key point covered in Section One of the IEEE 802.3 standard?

    <p>Specific details on the operation of full-duplex Ethernet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the "Preamble" field in an Ethernet frame?

    <p>MAC address (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why full-duplex Ethernet environments do not require CSMA/CD?

    <p>Full-duplex Ethernet uses dedicated pathways for transmission and reception, eliminating the possibility of collisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the "collision detection" mechanism in CSMA/CD?

    <p>Monitoring the network for data collisions and retransmitting data at a random delay. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the "Type/Length" field in an Ethernet frame?

    <p>To indicate the type of protocol being used for the data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about CSMA/CD?

    <p>It is the most common method used in modern Ethernet networks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the "Preamble" field in an Ethernet frame?

    <p>To synchronize receiving nodes with the transmitting node. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does half-duplex Ethernet require the use of CSMA/CD?

    <p>It prevents collisions from occurring when multiple nodes try to transmit at the same time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Ethernet

    The infrastructure used by all wired LANs.

    IEEE 802.3

    The set of standards defining Ethernet technology.

    MAC Address

    Unique identifier assigned to network nodes.

    Ethernet Frames

    Data packages used to send and receive information over Ethernet.

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    CSMA/CD

    Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, an Ethernet access method.

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    Ethernet II

    Version 2.0 of Ethernet frame format using a Type field.

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    Length Field

    Replaces Type field in IEEE 802.3 frame format for specific control traffic.

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    Data Frames

    The actual packets of data transmitted over a network.

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    Half-duplex

    A system where data can be sent in both directions, but not simultaneously.

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    Full-duplex

    A system where data can be sent and received simultaneously.

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    Collision

    When two nodes transmit data simultaneously on a network, causing data corruption.

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    Working group

    A group within IEEE focused on specific networking standards.

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    Section One

    The first part of the Ethernet standard that outlines key concepts.

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    Gigabit Ethernet

    A term for Ethernet networks running at 1000 Mb/s.

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    Packet format

    The structure of data frames used in Ethernet communications.

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    Network access method

    The method used for nodes to communicate over a network without conflicts.

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    Collision detection

    The process of recognizing when two nodes transmit at the same time.

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    PDF documentation

    An official standard document downloaded from the IEEE website.

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    Authorized licensed use

    A disclaimer indicating who can access the downloaded document.

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    Full-Duplex Communication

    A type of communication where data transmission occurs simultaneously in both directions.

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    Why Full-Duplex Doesn't Use CSMA/CD

    Full-duplex transmissions have dedicated channels, eliminating the need for collision detection.

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    Half-Duplex Communication

    A type of communication where data transmission can occur in both directions, but not simultaneously.

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    Ethernet Invention Year

    Ethernet was invented in 1973.

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    Main Inventor of Ethernet

    Robert Metcalfe is credited as the main inventor of Ethernet.

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    Original Speed of Ethernet

    The original speed of Ethernet was 10 Mbps.

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    Ethernet Topology

    The original topology used for Ethernet was a bus topology.

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    Study Notes

    Ethernet Basics

    • Ethernet is the fundamental infrastructure for all wired LANs.
    • IEEE 802.3 standards define key Ethernet features, including data frame creation, media access, and data transmission.
    • While Ethernet speeds have significantly increased, the core technology remains the same: MAC addresses identify nodes, and data transfer happens using Ethernet frames.

    IEEE 802.3

    • Ethernet originated at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s.
    • Xerox, DEC, and Intel collaborated on the initial standard in 1979-1980.
    • Ethernet II (version 2.0) was published in 1982.
    • IEEE 802.3 standardized Ethernet in 1983.
    • The IEEE 802.3 standard remains relevant.
    • The Ethernet II frame format (using a Type field) is still used for data frames today while the IEEE 802.3 format that replaces a Type field with a Length field is used for special-type control traffic.

    CSMA/CD

    • In early Ethernet (half-duplex), only one node could transmit at a time.
    • CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) managed media access to prevent collisions.
    • The CSMA part determined if another node was transmitting.
    • The CD part handled collisions.
    • Modern Ethernet (full-duplex) no longer uses CSMA/CD.

    Origins of Ethernet

    • Ethernet was invented at Xerox PARC.
    • The creation of Ethernet was motivated by the need for a data exchange standard between computers.
    • Xerox created PARC to research and develop new technologies.
    • Robert Metcalfe is considered the primary inventor of Ethernet.
    • The original Ethernet used a bus topology and coaxial cable.
    • Ethernet's original speed was 2.94 Mbps.
    • An earlier network, the ALOHAnet, provided a template. ALOHAnet was fundamentally different, as ALOHAnet allowed multiple devices to transmit on the same network at the same time, whereas Ethernet was designed for single-node transmission at a time to avoid collisions.
    • Ethernet got its name from the "luminiferous ether," an outdated concept in physics.
    • Ethernet was commercialized by 3Com, which was developed by Robert Metcalfe.
    • 3Com's first products were Ethernet network interface cards (NICs).
    • Ethernet's standards were developed by Xerox, DEC, and Intel.
    • Other networks (e.g., token ring) attempted to compete with Ethernet, but Ethernet eventually became dominant.

    Lab Analysis

    • Half-duplex: Only one device can transmit data at a time.
    • Full-duplex: Two devices can transmit simultaneously preventing collisions -FCS: The FCS (frame check sequence) is used to ensure that data frames received are correct. It does this by creating a checksum of the frame contents and checking it against a calculated checksum during transmission. Specific algorithms are used to generate and verify the FCS check.
    • Ethernet frames contain destination and source MAC addresses.

    Key Term Quiz

    • Half-duplex mode: When devices are operating in half-duplex mode, CSMA/CD is active.
    • Full-duplex mode: Switches and NICs today operate in full-duplex mode.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of Ethernet, including its history, the IEEE 802.3 standards, and media access methods such as CSMA/CD. Test your knowledge on data frames, node identification with MAC addresses, and the evolution of Ethernet technology. Ideal for those studying computer networks or IT infrastructure.

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