40 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of ethanol metabolism in humans?
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
What is the effect of high ethanol concentrations on the ADH pathway?
It saturates the ADH pathway and depletes NAD+ stores
What is the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity in chronic alcohol users?
Formation of NAPQI and depletion of glutathione
Which of the following drugs can inhibit ALDH activity and cause 'Disulfiram-like effects' when taken with alcohol?
Cephalosporins and griseofulvin
What is the effect of chronic alcohol use on the MEOS pathway?
It induces the activity of the MEOS pathway
What is the effect of acute alcohol use on the metabolism of other drugs?
It inhibits the metabolism of other drugs
What is the role of glutathione in the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity?
It inactivates reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Why are people with AUD who are abstinent resistant to drugs like barbiturates?
Because they have induced the activity of CYP2E1
What is the mechanism of action of Baclofen in multiple sclerosis?
GABA B agonist
What is a potential consequence of chronic ethanol consumption on the cardiovascular system?
Increased risk of cardiomyopathy
What is the effect of Baclofen on afferent terminals?
Hyperpolarization
What is the clinical use of Varenicline?
Smoking cessation therapy
What is the effect of ethanol on the gastrointestinal tract?
It stimulates acid secretion and can produce corrosive gastritis
What is the effect of Varenicline on nicotine binding?
Decreases nicotine binding
What is the relationship between ethanol consumption and HDL/LDL ratio?
Moderate consumption may increase the HDL/LDL ratio, but this is controversial
What is the effect of Ethanol on blood vessels?
Causes vasodilation
What is a potential consequence of acute ethanol use on the cardiovascular system?
Increased blood pressure
What is the effect of acetaldehyde on smooth muscle?
Causes smooth muscle relaxation
What is the effect of ethanol on the epithelial barrier of the intestines?
It affects the epithelial barrier of the small and large intestines
What is a potential consequence of chronic ethanol consumption on the liver?
Increased risk of hepatic disease
What is the effect of Ethanol on the CNS vasomotor center?
Excites the CNS vasomotor center
What is the effect of Varenicline on alcohol use disorder?
Decreases heavy drinking days
What is the effect of ethanol on the autonomic nervous system?
It affects the autonomic nervous system, contributing to hypertension
What is a potential consequence of ethanol consumption on the esophagus?
Increased risk of esophageal cancer
What is a basis of many pharmacokinetic drug interactions with ethanol?
Saturation of enzyme activity and/or decreased hepatic blood flow
How does ethanol interact with proteins in the body?
It can occupy water pockets in many proteins and has many targets
What is the effect of ethanol on respiratory centers in the brain?
It decreases the response to high CO2 levels
What is the effect of ethanol on GABAA receptors in the CNS?
It potentiates GABAA receptors
Why may acutely intoxicated people require less sedation?
Because ethanol potentiates GABAA receptors
What is the effect of ethanol on seizure threshold?
It reduces seizure threshold
What is the effect of ethanol on pain perception?
It increases pain sensitivity
What is the effect of ethanol on membrane fluidity?
It manipulates membrane fluidity at high concentrations
What is the primary mechanism of action of acamprosate in reducing heavy drinking and promoting abstinence?
Suppressing relapse through the action of Ca+2
What is the main use of ondansetron?
Combating breast cancer
What is the effect of acamprosate on GABA receptors?
It agonizes GABA receptor signaling
What is the name of the receptor targeted by ondansetron?
5-HT3 receptor
What is the effect of topiramate on Na channels?
It blocks voltage-dependent Na channels
What is the primary use of topiramate?
Treating epilepsy
What is the name of the gene associated with the effectiveness of naltrexone in promoting abstinence?
OPRM1
What is the effect of acamprosate on glutamatergic transmission?
It antagonizes glutamatergic transmission through NMDA receptors
Learn about the primary mechanism of ethanol metabolism, involving alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and how other drugs can inhibit these processes. Discover the role of NAD+, NADH, and H+ in ethanol metabolism. Test your knowledge of ethanol metabolism and its interactions with other drugs.
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