Estructura y funciones de las biomoléculas: Niveles de organización

✅ Biomoléculas: Componentes orgánicos carbonados con formas y tamaños diversos.

✅ Biomoléculas: Adoptan diferentes formas en el espacio, solo una es biológicamente activa.

✅ Quirales compounds: D y L isomers, dependiendo de la configuración del carbon atom with four distinct substituents.

✅ Agua: Polar molcule, disociates, and acts as acid (H+) and base (OH-).

✅ Agua: Polar dissolvent, interacts electrostatically with charged compounds and dissolves them easily.

✅ Carbohydrates: Functions include energy and structural roles.

✅ Monosaccharides: Solid, crystalline, sweet, and hydrosoluble. Divided into aldoses and ketoses.

✅ Monosaccharides: Most common in nature are D-forms, with cyclic structures.

✅ Derived monosaccharides: Desoxiazúcares, aminoazúcares, and azúcares fosforilados.

✅ Derived monosaccharides: 2-deoxiribose, aminoazúcares, and phosphorylated sugars.

✅ Oligosaccharides: Polymers of monosaccharides with a small number of monomers.

✅ Oligosaccharides: Formed by glycosidic linkages. Most common are disaccharides, formed by two identical or different monosaccharides.

✅ Glycosidic bonds: α-1→4-glycosidic and β-1→4 glycosidic bonds are examples.

✅ Polysaccharides: Simple, with roles in energy storage (glycogen and starch).

✅ Polysaccharides: Simple, composed of α-D-glucopiranosas. Consists of two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin.

✅ Polysaccharides: Complex, with functions in cell structure and interactions.

✅ Complex polysaccharides: Glucosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.