Esthetics Final Test Review

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Questions and Answers

What are the contraindications for Ultrasonic?

heart conditions, pacemakers, pregnancy, and diabetes

How is Ultrasonic used?

used as a gentle, hydrating and exfoliating treatment, particularly for pre-surgical treatments

How does Ultrasonic create changes in the skin?

sound waves

What is the three-step treatment for Ultrasonic?

Cavitation, Sonophoresis, and Microcurrent Signup and view all the answers

What is Cavitation?

cleaning steps which create an implosion of a water molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is Sonophoresis used to do?

it is used to penetrate serums and moisturizers Signup and view all the answers

What is Microcurrent used to do?

it is used to create homeostasis, firm and tone the skin, stimulate Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), stimulate blood circulation and lymphatic flow Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Microdermabrasion?

Rosacea, bacterial/viral/fungal infections, open lesions, dermatitis, active acne, use of Accutane within 1 year, immediate post-operative Signup and view all the answers

How is Microdermabrasion used?

machines can be used in crystal or diamond forms, most machines use a spray and vacuum function Signup and view all the answers

What can crystal machines use?

Aluminum Oxide (corundum), salt, and baking soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) Signup and view all the answers

How can the aggressiveness of a Microdermabrasion treatment vary?

it can vary based on strength of the crystals, speed of the hand-piece, and the number of passes Signup and view all the answers

What can a Microdermabrasion treatment that was too aggressive result in?

it can result in pin-point bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What should happen at the end of every Microdermabrasion service?

the settings should be charted Signup and view all the answers

Some microdermabrasion machines claim to remove up to ________ of the stratum corneum.

25% Signup and view all the answers

Microdermabrasion treatments should stop before the appearance of what?

erythema Signup and view all the answers

When can you provide Microdermabrasion services to a post-laser resurfacing client?

when the physician gives approval Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications of Chemical Peels?

use of Retinoids, Herpes Simplex, open lesions, pregnancy, heart conditions, Eczema, Lupus, Rosacea, Psoriasis, infections, extremely thin or sensitive skin, sunburn Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical concentrations of acids used in a salon?

15-30% Signup and view all the answers

What do Medical Peels normally have?

a higher % and a lower pH Signup and view all the answers

What peels should Estheticians NOT use?

peels containing Phenol Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common ingredients found in exfoliants?

AHA's and BHA's Signup and view all the answers

Who should Salicylic Acid NOT be used on?

clientele who is pregnant, as it is potentially systemic Signup and view all the answers

What may be used before a Jessner Peel as a Degreaser?

Acetone Signup and view all the answers

What are the Jessner Solutions?

Salicylic Acid, Lactic Acid, Resorcinol, Ethanol Base Signup and view all the answers

What do TCA Solutions provide?

a medium depth peel, penetrating to the papillary dermis or reticular dermis when a Frost is achieved Signup and view all the answers

What is Frosting?

it is when protein coagulation causes the skin to turn white Signup and view all the answers

What do darker skin types tend to do after chemical exfoliation?

hyperpigment Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Lasers?

photosensitivity, Accutane, suspicious lesions, current tan, dark Fitz types with certain devices, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B or C, Lupus, pregnancy, history of keloids, recent or ongoing exfoliating treatments, Hirsutism Signup and view all the answers

The lens of the eye can magnify laser energy by ______________ times.

100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What does Ablative mean?

the removal of part or all of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

When it comes to Lasers, what are the forms Skin Cooling can come in?

Cryogen spray, forced air cooling, chilled tips Signup and view all the answers

Where should Laser NEVER be performed?

under the eyebrow Signup and view all the answers

What should Laser patients ALWAYS receive?

a medical evaluation, and a Fitz type Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photothermal process do?

it creates a photothermolysis reaction where the chromophore is transformed into heat which will kill the target Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photomechanical/Photoacoustic process do?

these laser devices are engineered to have extremely short pulse durations (Q-Switch) which will explode a target (like tattoo ink) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photomodulation process do?

it uses light devices to trigger a photobiochemical response; involves using low-level light energy to modulate/ activate cellular metabolism (LED therapy) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photorejuvenation process do?

it is a nonablative process using laser or light devices to produce an increase in collagen and elastin, improve vascular and pigmented lesions Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photodynamic Therapy process do?

it is a stand alone treatment that uses a combination of light (LED or IPL) with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) Signup and view all the answers

What does Photodynamic Therapy treat?

Actinic Keratosis, acne, and enhanced facial rejuvenation Signup and view all the answers

What does Phototoxic mean?

it is a tissue reaction that occurs in the skin when combining ALA with light therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromophore for the Alexandrite 755nm?

melanin/pigment (freckle, sun damage, dermal papillae) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromophore for the Nd:YAG 1064nm?

blood (hemoglobin/oxyhemoglobin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromophore for the Diode 810nm?

blood (hemoglobin/oxyhemoglobin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromophore for 10,600nm?

water (intercellular fluid) Signup and view all the answers

What are the qualities of Laser light?

Monochromatic, Collimated, and Coherent Signup and view all the answers

What are the four Laser Parameters?

Wavelength, Fluence, Spot Size, and Pulse Duration Signup and view all the answers

What does a Wavelength determine?

it determines the target chromophore Signup and view all the answers

What does Fluence mean?

the total energy delivered to the target (Joules/cm^2) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Spot Size cover?

the total area covered by one pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pulse Duration?

the total length of time target is exposed to energy (determined by the Thermal Relaxation Time, TRT) Signup and view all the answers

What do IPL devices do?

they produce significant facial rejuvenation effects used to treat telangiectasias, lentigos, diffuse redness or erythema, and Poikiloderma of Civatte Signup and view all the answers

What is Radiofrequency (RF) based on?

alternating electrical currents Signup and view all the answers

How would you use Monopolar RF?

apply a single electrode to a target area while using a dispersing electrode (grounding pad) Signup and view all the answers

What does Monopolar RF do?

the deep penetration of the RF causes intense dermal heating, which stimulates collagen and can cause the eruption of a fat cell Signup and view all the answers

How is Bipolar RF used?

it has a positive and negative poles that are placed on opposite ends of a hand-piece Signup and view all the answers

Why are the Bipolar RF devices used?

they are used for skin tightening and rejuvenation Signup and view all the answers

What are Light Emitting Diodes (LED)?

they are photomodulation or light activated facial rejuvenation Signup and view all the answers

What does a Green LED light do?

reduces hyperpigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What does a Yellow LED light do?

it is used for edema Signup and view all the answers

What does a Red LED light do?

it stimulates wound healing, collagen, and elastin Signup and view all the answers

What does a Blue LED light do?

reduces bacteria, and decreases Rosacea Signup and view all the answers

What happens when light waves interact with a cell?

it triggers the production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Signup and view all the answers

How is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) produced?

it is produced by the mitochondria inside the cell, which creates usable energy (ATP) for the body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Microcurrent?

open wounds, cancerous lesions, a heart condition, pacemaker, muscular diseases, epilepsy, advanced diabetes, Hemophilia, and pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How long after injectables should you wait to perform Microcurrent?

two weeks Signup and view all the answers

What does Microcurrent technology use?

it uses low-level current that mimics the body's own natural rhythms Signup and view all the answers

What is Microcurrent measured with?

it is measured in microamperes, can also use Hz Signup and view all the answers

What will Microcurrent do for the Corrugator/Procerus muscle?

reduce lines between the brows Signup and view all the answers

What will Microcurrent do for the Frontalis muscle?

reduce forehead lines and laxity Signup and view all the answers

What will Microcurrent do for the Zygomaticus major and minor muscles?

reduce marionette lines Signup and view all the answers

What will Microcurrent do for the Orbicularis Oculi muscle?

reduce brow drooping Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Body Treatment?

pregnancy, open wounds, varicose veins, hypertension, heat sensitivity, heart problems, diabetes, lupus, Raynaud's disease, chemotherapy, numbness, allergies (iodine), claustrophobia, sunburn Signup and view all the answers

What are linens and plastic wrap used for in Body Treatments?

to infuse the ingredients Signup and view all the answers

A popular ingredient used in Body Treatments is Seaweed/Algae, what does it do for the body?

it helps stimulate circulation and rid the body of toxins (do NOT use if the clientele has an iodine allergy) Signup and view all the answers

A moist heat unit can be used to heat the wrap material up to...?

165 degrees Fahrenheit Signup and view all the answers

What is Thalassotherapy?

it is the therapeutic use of seawater; herbal baths/medicinal bathing Signup and view all the answers

What is Balenotherapy?

use of mud or fango, or peat baths Signup and view all the answers

What is Endermology?

it is treatment for cellulite, can be used before/after surgery Signup and view all the answers

What does Lymphatic drainage do?

it flushes excess fluid out of the tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are Hydrotherapy treatments?

spa treatments that use water Signup and view all the answers

What is a Vichy shower?

it is an overhead shower with adjustable water pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a Scotch Hose?

it is a hose that projects water from 10-12 feet away Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Electrodessication?

suspicious lesions, open wounds, hypertension, heart conditions, pacemaker, muscular diseases, epilepsy, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What does Electrodessication do?

it uses a low-level radio frequency (some devices now add high frequency) current that creates heat to either evaporate or dry out a lesion Signup and view all the answers

What is Electrodessication used to treat?

Milia, sebaceous hyperplasia cysts, telangiectasias, skin tags, and cherry angiomas Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Eyelash Extensions?

pregnancy, eye irritations, eye allergies, blepharitis, glaucoma, excessive tears, hormonal conditions that affect hair growth, asthma Signup and view all the answers

During what cycle should you avoid putting lash extensions on?

the Anagen cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal hair growth stage to put on eyelash extensions?

the Catagen cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is Tinea Versicolor?

it is a pigmentation disorder that appears in sun spots or sun fungus, white splotches Signup and view all the answers

What is Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation?

it is a pigmentation disorder that is caused after a wound Signup and view all the answers

What is Melasma?

it is a pigmentation disorder that appears as a 'mask' and is caused by imbalanced hormones Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancers are Basal Cell Carcinomas?

the most common but least severe Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancers are Squamous Cell Carcinomas?

they are red or pink solid bumps that can look crusty or bleed easily Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer is Melanoma?

it is the least common but most severe Signup and view all the answers

What is Actinic Keratosis?

it is a precancerous, sun-related growth, that is pink or flesh-colored Signup and view all the answers

What is Rosacea?

it is a disorder that is characterized by flushing with a feeling of heat Signup and view all the answers

What could Rosacea be caused by?

demodex folliculorum or excessive yeast Signup and view all the answers

What is Aromatherapy?

it is the therapeutic use of smell in treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is Phytotherapy?

it is the therapeutic use of plants Signup and view all the answers

What can make the skin Photosensitive?

Citrus Oils Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Ultrasonic Treatments

Contraindications include heart conditions, pacemakers, pregnancy, and diabetes.
Utilized for gentle hydrating and exfoliating treatments, especially before surgical procedures.
Operates by producing sound waves that create skin changes.
Three-step treatment process involves Cavitation, Sonophoresis, and Microcurrent.

Cavitation, Sonophoresis, and Microcurrent

Cavitation: Involves cleaning steps causing water molecule implosion.
Sonophoresis: Aids in serum and moisturizer penetration.
Microcurrent: Promotes homeostasis, firms skin, stimulates ATP and blood circulation, and aids in lymphatic flow.

Microdermabrasion

Contraindications include rosacea, infections, open lesions, dermatitis, active acne, recent Accutane use, and immediate post-operative situations.
Two forms: crystal or diamond; uses spray and vacuum mechanisms.
Crystal machines typically utilize aluminum oxide, salt, and baking soda.
Treatment intensity can vary based on crystal strength, hand-piece speed, and treatment duration.
Aggressive treatment may lead to pinpoint bleeding; settings should always be documented after service.
Can remove up to 25% of the stratum corneum.

Chemical Peels

Contraindications include use of retinoids, herpes simplex, open lesions, pregnancy, heart conditions, eczema, lupus, rosacea, psoriasis, infections, and extremely sensitive skin.
Typical acid concentrations in salons range from 15-30%.
Medical peels feature higher percentages with lower pH.
Estheticians should avoid using phenol-based peels.

Laser Treatments

Contraindications include photosensitivity, Accutane use, suspicious lesions, current tanning, and specific health conditions.
Laser energy can be magnified by 100,000 times by the lens of the eye.
Ablative lasers remove part or all of the epidermis.
Cooling methods include cryogen spray, forced air cooling, and chilled tips.
Lasers should never be used under the eyebrow.

Light Therapy and LED Treatments

Various processes: Photothermal creates heat to target cells; Photomechanical involves short pulses to explode targets; Photomodulation activates cellular metabolism.
LED colors serve different functions: Green reduces hyperpigmentation; Yellow alleviates edema; Red stimulates healing; Blue combats bacteria and rosacea.

Microcurrent Therapy

Contraindications encompass open wounds, cancer, heart conditions, and pregnancy.
Measured in microamperes and mimics the body’s natural rhythms.
Effective for reducing lines in specific facial muscles like the corrugator and frontalis.

Body Treatments

Contraindications include pregnancy, open wounds, varicose veins, and various health issues.
Linens and plastic wraps are used for ingredient infusion; seaweed/algae stimulate circulation and detoxification.
Hydrotherapy employs water-based treatments like Vichy showers and Scotch hoses to enhance body care.

Electrodessication

Used for treating skin tags, milia, and cherry angiomas with low-level radio frequency to create heat.
Contraindications include suspicious lesions and various health conditions.

Eyelash Extensions

Contraindications involve pregnancy, eye conditions, and hormonal disorders affecting hair growth.
Ideal application occurs during the catagen growth cycle.

Skin Conditions and Disorders

Tinea Versicolor: Pigmentation disorder resembling sun spots.
Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Follows wound healing.
Melasma: A "mask" of pigmentation caused by hormonal imbalance.
Actinic Keratosis: Pink or flesh-colored precancerous growth from sun exposure.
Rosacea: Characterized by redness and heat sensations, possibly caused by Demodex or yeast.

Aromatherapy and Phytotherapy

Aromatherapy involves the therapeutic use of scents.
Phytotherapy uses plants for therapeutic benefits.
Citrus oils can induce photosensitivity in the skin.

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