Master Esthetics Final Test Review

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Questions and Answers

What are the Contraindications for Ultrasonic?

Diabetes (correct)

Heart conditions (correct)

Pregnancy (correct)

Pacemakers (correct)

How is Ultrasonic used?

Used as a gentle, hydrating and exfoliating treatment, particularly for pre-surgical treatments.

How does Ultrasonic create changes in the skin?

Sound waves

What is the three-step treatment for Ultrasonic?

Cavitation, Sonophoresis, and Microcurrent Signup and view all the answers

What is Cavitation?

Cleaning steps which create an implosion of a water molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is Sonophoresis used to do?

It is used to penetrate serums and moisturizers. Signup and view all the answers

What is Microcurrent used to do?

It is used to create homeostasis, firm and tone the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Contraindications for Microdermabrasion?

Active acne Signup and view all the answers

How is Microdermabrasion used?

Machines can be used in crystal or diamond forms. Signup and view all the answers

What can Crystal machines use?

Aluminum Oxide, salt, and baking soda. Signup and view all the answers

What can a Microdermabrasion treatment that was too aggressive result in?

Pin-point bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Contraindications of Chemical Peels?

Use of Retinoids, Herpes Simplex, open lesions, pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical concentrations of acids used in a salon?

15-30%. Signup and view all the answers

What do Medical Peels normally have?

A higher % and a lower pH. Signup and view all the answers

What peels should Estheticians NOT use?

Peels containing Phenol. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common ingredients found in exfoliants?

AHA's and BHA's. Signup and view all the answers

Who should Salicylic Acid NOT be used on?

Clientele who is pregnant. Signup and view all the answers

What may be used before a Jessner Peel as a degreaser?

Acetone. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Jessner Solutions?

Salicylic Acid, Lactic Acid, Resorcinol, Ethanol Base. Signup and view all the answers

What do TCA Solutions provide?

A medium depth peel. Signup and view all the answers

What is Frosting?

It is when protein coagulation causes the skin to turn white. Signup and view all the answers

What do darker skin types tend to do after chemical exfoliation?

Hyperpigment. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Contraindications for Lasers?

History of keloids Signup and view all the answers

The lens of the eye can magnify laser energy by how many times?

100,000. Signup and view all the answers

What does Ablative mean?

The removal of part or all of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What should Laser patients ALWAYS receive?

A medical evaluation, and a Fitz type. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photothermal process do?

It creates a photothermolysis reaction where the chromophore is transformed into heat. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photomechanical process do?

It explodes a target (like tattoo ink). Signup and view all the answers

What does the Photodynamic Therapy process do?

It is a stand alone treatment that uses light with aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromophore for the Alexandrite 755nm?

Melanin/pigment. Signup and view all the answers

What does Fluence mean?

The total energy delivered to the target. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal hair growth stage to put on eyelash extensions?

The Catagen cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is Melasma?

A pigmentation disorder appears as a 'mask' and is caused by imbalanced hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What are the qualities of Laser light?

Collimated Signup and view all the answers

What can make the skin Photosensitive?

Citrus Oils. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ultrasonic Treatments

Contraindications include heart conditions, pacemakers, pregnancy, and diabetes.
Used for gentle hydration and exfoliation, especially in pre-surgical treatments.
Creates skin changes through sound waves.
Three-step treatment process: Cavitation, Sonophoresis, and Microcurrent.
Cavitation involves cleaning steps leading to water molecule implosion.
Sonophoresis helps penetrate serums and moisturizers into the skin.
Microcurrent promotes skin firming, ionization, and stimulates ATP, blood circulation, and lymph flow.

Microdermabrasion

Contraindications include rosacea, infections, open lesions, active acne, and prior Accutane use within a year.
Machines may use crystal or diamond methods, typically combining spray and vacuum functions.
Crystal machines utilize Aluminum Oxide (corundum), salt, or baking soda.
Treatment aggressiveness varies by crystal strength, hand-piece speed, and number of passes.
Overly aggressive treatment can lead to pinpoint bleeding.
Documenting settings at the end of each service is essential.
Microdermabrasion can remove up to 25% of the stratum corneum and should stop before erythema appears.

Chemical Peels

Contraindications include use of retinoids, herpes simplex, open lesions, and several skin conditions like eczema and lupus.
Typical acid concentrations vary from 15-30% in salons; medical peels have higher concentrations and lower pH.
Estheticians should avoid using phenol-containing peels.
Common exfoliant ingredients include AHA's and BHA's.
Salicylic acid should not be used on pregnant clients.
Acetone may be used as a degreaser before a Jessner Peel.

Laser Treatments

Contraindications include photosensitivity, Accutane use, suspicious lesions, and various health conditions.
Laser light intensity can magnify by up to 100,000 times through the eye lens.
Ablative lasers remove part or all of the epidermis, while cooling methods can include cryogen spray or forced air.
Lasers should never be performed under the eyebrow area.
Patients should always receive a medical evaluation and Fitz type assessment.

Phototherapy Techniques

Photothermal process transforms chromophores into heat to target and destroy them.
Photomechanical devices utilize short pulse durations for rapid target destruction.
Photomodulation therapy triggers cellular metabolism using low-level light energy (LED therapy).
Photorejuvenation enhances collagen and elastin while improving vascular and pigmented skin lesions.
Photodynamic therapy combines light with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to treat actinic keratosis and acne.

Chromophores and Laser Parameters

Alexandrite (755nm) targets melanin, Nd:YAG (1064nm) and Diode (810nm) target blood, while 10,600nm targets water.
Laser qualities include monochromatic, collimated, and coherent.
Key laser parameters encompass wavelength, fluence (energy delivered), spot size, and pulse duration.

Radiofrequency and LED Treatments

Radiofrequency (RF) is based on alternating electrical currents for skin tightening.
Monopolar RF uses a single electrode for deep dermal heating.
Bipolar RF has electrodes placed on opposite ends of the hand-piece to tighten skin.
LED treatments have different colors for various effects: Green LED reduces hyperpigmentation, Yellow LED aids edema, and Red LED stimulates wound healing.

Body Treatments

Contraindications for body treatments include pregnancy, open wounds, and various health issues.
Linens and plastic wraps are used to enhance ingredient infusion.
Seaweed/algae is a popular body treatment ingredient, aiding circulation and detoxification.
Thalassotherapy and Balenotherapy utilize seawater and mud for therapeutic purposes.

Electrodessication and Photo-Aging

Electrodessication uses low-frequency radio waves to treat skin lesions.
Contraindications for electrodessication include open wounds and suspicious lesions.
Common skin pigmentation disorders include tinea versicolor, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma.

Skin Cancers and Disorders

Basal cell carcinomas are the most common yet least severe skin cancers.
Squamous cell carcinomas present as red or pink bumps that may bleed.
Melanoma is the least common but most severe type of skin cancer.
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous growth from sun exposure.

Miscellaneous

Rosacea results in flushing and can be caused by demodex or excessive yeast.
Aromatherapy and phytotherapy utilize therapeutic smells and plants respectively.
Citrus oils can increase skin photosensitivity, warranting caution in treatments.

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Prepare for your Master Esthetics state board exam with this comprehensive flashcard review. Explore key concepts such as contraindications for ultrasonic treatments and their applications in skincare. This quiz enhances your understanding of essential esthetic techniques.