Esthetics Chapter 6 Anatomy Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are abductors?

  • Muscles that draw a body part toward the midline
  • Muscles that draw a body part away from the midline (correct)
  • Muscles located in the heart
  • Muscles that assist in digestion

    • What is the primary function of adductors?

  • Affect nerve impulses
  • Draw body parts away from the midline
  • Draw body parts toward the midline (correct)
  • Facilitate the movement of blood

    • What is defecation?

    Elimination of foods from the body

    What is the deltoid muscle responsible for?

    <p>Allowing the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define digestion.

    <p>Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are endocrine glands?

    <p>Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do exocrine glands produce?

    <p>Substances that travel through small, tube-like ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the heart?

    <p>Keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ingestion?

    <p>Eating or taking food into the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a joint?

    <p>Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latissimus dorsi?

    <p>Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define lymph.

    <p>Clear, yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are maxillary bones?

    <p>Bones that form the upper jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metabolism?

    <p>The chemical process by which cells are nourished and perform activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nasal bones form?

    <p>The bridge of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nerves made of?

    <p>Bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are palatine bones?

    <p>Two bones that form the hard palate of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pectoralis major and minor?

    <p>Muscles of the chest that assist in swinging movements of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Sends blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified and back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reflex?

    <p>Automatic reaction to a stimulus involving sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the serratus anterior muscle's function?

    <p>Assists in breathing and raising the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define systemic circulation.

    <p>Circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trapezius muscle responsible for?

    <p>Covers the back of the neck and upper and middle back; stabilizes the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are turbinal bones?

    <p>Thin layers of spongy bone on the outer walls of the nasal depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vomer bone?

    <p>Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are zygomatic bones also known as?

    <p>Malar bones or cheekbones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anatomy?

    <p>The study of the structures of the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define physiology.

    <p>The study of the functions and activities performed by body structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is histology?

    <p>The study of the tiny structures found in living tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Functions

    • Abductors: Muscles that move body parts away from the midline; separate fingers in the hand.
    • Adductors: Muscles that draw body parts inward toward the midline; bring fingers together.

    Biological Processes

    • Defecation: Elimination of waste foods from the body.
    • Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
    • Ingestion: The act of taking food into the body.
    • Metabolism: Chemical processes in organisms that nourish cells; includes anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).

    Gland Types

    • Endocrine Glands: Ductless glands releasing hormones directly into the bloodstream; influence bodily functions.
    • Exocrine Glands: Duct glands that produce substances traveling through small ducts; include sweat and oil glands.

    The Heart and Circulation

    • Heart: Muscular, cone-shaped organ maintaining blood flow in the circulatory system.
    • Pulmonary Circulation: Transports blood from the heart to the lungs for purification and back.
    • Systemic Circulation: Circulates blood from the heart throughout the body and returns it.

    Skeletal Structure

    • Joint: Connection between two or more bones in the skeleton.
    • Maxillary Bones: Form the upper jaw structure.
    • Nasal Bones: Create the bridge of the nose.
    • Palatine Bones: Form the hard palate of the mouth.
    • Vomer Bone: Contributes to the nasal septum.
    • Zygomatic Bones: Also known as cheekbones, create the prominence of the cheeks.

    Muscles

    • Deltoid: Triangular muscle acting on shoulder extension and lateral movement.
    • Latissimus Dorsi: Large muscle covering the lower back.
    • Pectoralis Major and Minor: Chest muscles aiding arm movement.
    • Serratus Anterior: Assists in breathing and arm elevation.
    • Trapezius: Stabilizes the scapula and enables shoulder shrugging.

    Nervous System

    • Nerves: Made of bundles of nerve fibers, transmitting impulses through the body.
    • Reflex: An automatic reaction to stimuli that involves sensory and motor neurons; instinctual and unlearned.

    Lymphatic System

    • Lymph: Clear, yellowish fluid that circulates in lymphatic spaces; responsible for waste removal from cells.

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Anatomy: Study of body structures visible to the naked eye.
    • Physiology: Study of body parts' functions and their activities.
    • Histology: Microscopic study of tiny structures in living tissues.

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    Test your knowledge of anatomy and physiology with these flashcards from Chapter 6 of Milady Standard Fundamentals of Esthetics. Focus on key terms such as abductors and adductors, essential for understanding muscle functions in the human body.

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