Esthetics Chapter 6 Anatomy Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are abductors?

Muscles that draw a body part toward the midline

Muscles that draw a body part away from the midline (correct)

Muscles located in the heart

Muscles that assist in digestion

What is the primary function of adductors?

Affect nerve impulses

Draw body parts away from the midline

Draw body parts toward the midline (correct)

Facilitate the movement of blood

What is defecation?

Elimination of foods from the body

What is the deltoid muscle responsible for?

Allowing the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body Signup and view all the answers

Define digestion.

Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means Signup and view all the answers

What are endocrine glands?

Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What do exocrine glands produce?

Substances that travel through small, tube-like ducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart?

Keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What is ingestion?

Eating or taking food into the body Signup and view all the answers

What defines a joint?

Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the latissimus dorsi?

Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back Signup and view all the answers

Define lymph.

Clear, yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

What are maxillary bones?

Bones that form the upper jaw Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism?

The chemical process by which cells are nourished and perform activities Signup and view all the answers

What do nasal bones form?

The bridge of the nose Signup and view all the answers

What are nerves made of?

Bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are palatine bones?

Two bones that form the hard palate of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pectoralis major and minor?

Muscles of the chest that assist in swinging movements of the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is pulmonary circulation?

Sends blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified and back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is a reflex?

Automatic reaction to a stimulus involving sensory and motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the serratus anterior muscle's function?

Assists in breathing and raising the arm Signup and view all the answers

Define systemic circulation.

Circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back Signup and view all the answers

What is the trapezius muscle responsible for?

Covers the back of the neck and upper and middle back; stabilizes the scapula Signup and view all the answers

What are turbinal bones?

Thin layers of spongy bone on the outer walls of the nasal depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the vomer bone?

Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What are zygomatic bones also known as?

Malar bones or cheekbones Signup and view all the answers

What is anatomy?

The study of the structures of the human body Signup and view all the answers

Define physiology.

The study of the functions and activities performed by body structures Signup and view all the answers

What is histology?

The study of the tiny structures found in living tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Functions

Abductors: Muscles that move body parts away from the midline; separate fingers in the hand.
Adductors: Muscles that draw body parts inward toward the midline; bring fingers together.

Biological Processes

Defecation: Elimination of waste foods from the body.
Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Ingestion: The act of taking food into the body.
Metabolism: Chemical processes in organisms that nourish cells; includes anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).

Gland Types

Endocrine Glands: Ductless glands releasing hormones directly into the bloodstream; influence bodily functions.
Exocrine Glands: Duct glands that produce substances traveling through small ducts; include sweat and oil glands.

The Heart and Circulation

Heart: Muscular, cone-shaped organ maintaining blood flow in the circulatory system.
Pulmonary Circulation: Transports blood from the heart to the lungs for purification and back.
Systemic Circulation: Circulates blood from the heart throughout the body and returns it.

Skeletal Structure

Joint: Connection between two or more bones in the skeleton.
Maxillary Bones: Form the upper jaw structure.
Nasal Bones: Create the bridge of the nose.
Palatine Bones: Form the hard palate of the mouth.
Vomer Bone: Contributes to the nasal septum.
Zygomatic Bones: Also known as cheekbones, create the prominence of the cheeks.

Muscles

Deltoid: Triangular muscle acting on shoulder extension and lateral movement.
Latissimus Dorsi: Large muscle covering the lower back.
Pectoralis Major and Minor: Chest muscles aiding arm movement.
Serratus Anterior: Assists in breathing and arm elevation.
Trapezius: Stabilizes the scapula and enables shoulder shrugging.

Nervous System

Nerves: Made of bundles of nerve fibers, transmitting impulses through the body.
Reflex: An automatic reaction to stimuli that involves sensory and motor neurons; instinctual and unlearned.

Lymphatic System

Lymph: Clear, yellowish fluid that circulates in lymphatic spaces; responsible for waste removal from cells.

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy: Study of body structures visible to the naked eye.
Physiology: Study of body parts' functions and their activities.
Histology: Microscopic study of tiny structures in living tissues.

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Description

Test your knowledge of anatomy and physiology with these flashcards from Chapter 6 of Milady Standard Fundamentals of Esthetics. Focus on key terms such as abductors and adductors, essential for understanding muscle functions in the human body.