Muscle Anatomy and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct order of muscle structure from smallest to largest?

Myofilaments, muscle fiber, myofibril, fascicle, muscle

Myofilaments, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle (correct)

Muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilaments

Myofibril, myofilaments, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle

What is the main function of the origin of a muscle?

To remain stationary and provide anchor points (correct)

To provide blood supply to the muscle

To move the bone it is attached to

To stretch and flex the muscle

What type of muscle is responsible for involuntary actions in the gastrointestional tract?

Voluntary muscle

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle (correct)

What is the main function of the nervous system?

To facilitate sensory and motor functions Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for movement in multiple directions?

Ball and socket joint Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Pubic symphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement allowed by a condyloid joint?

Up, down, and side to side movement Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a hinge joint?

Elbow joint Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Sweating to regulate body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which an organism maintains internal stability while adjusting to external conditions?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for rotary movement?

Pivot joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeletal system?

206 bones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is exemplified by the humorous bone?

Long bone Signup and view all the answers

Which body system is responsible for producing blood cells and releasing and storing minerals and fat?

Skeletal system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the joint that allows for limited movement between two smooth surfaces?

Gliding joint Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is exemplified by the joint between the shoulder and the humerus?

Ball and socket joint Signup and view all the answers

How many body systems are mentioned in the text?

13 body systems Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is exemplified by the sternum?

Flat bone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structure of a Muscle

Smallest to largest: myofilaments, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle
Muscle fibers are protected by:
- Epimysium (connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle)
- Perimysium (connective tissue connecting each bundle of muscle fibers)
- Endomysium (innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers)

Origin and Insertion

Origin: does not move
Insertion: movement occurs
Example: trapezius origin (down the spine), insertion (around the scapula and clavicle)

Muscular System

Skeletal muscles:
- Function: movement and posture
- Example: voluntary actions
Cardiac muscles:
- Function: contraction, pumping of blood, helps heart
Smooth muscles:
- Function: involuntary actions
- Examples: gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory

Nervous System

Parts: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Function: motor and sensory functions (controls everything you do)

Joints

Synovial Joints

Types:
- Ball and socket
- Gliding
- Pivot
- Saddle
- Hinge
- Conyloid
Movement: varying degrees of movement

Cartilaginous Joints

Movement: slight movement
Examples: pubic symphysis, synchondrosis (part of the rib that connects to the sternum)

Condyloid Joints

Examples: knuckles
Movement: up, down, side to side

Hinge Joints

Examples: elbow, knee
Movement: back and forth (e.g., hinge on a door)

Homeostasis

Definition: self-regulating process maintaining internal stability while adjusting to external conditions
Examples:
- Negative feedback: heart pumping faster for oxygen during exercise
- Positive feedback: (not provided)

Saddle Joints

Examples: thumb, shoulders, ear
Movement: up, back, down, and forth

Pivot Joints

Examples:
- Joint between the atlas and the skull (allows head to turn from side to side)
- Joint between the radius and ulna (twisting movement of forearm bones, e.g., unscrewing a jar lid)

Ball and Socket Joints

Examples: shoulder and hips
Movement: backwards, forward, sideways, and rotating

Body Systems

Skeletal system
Nervous system
Lymphatic system
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system (capillaries)
Reproductive system
Urinary system
Integumentary system
Endocrine system
Digestive system
Respiratory system

Gliding Joints

Examples: ankles, wrists, spine
Movement: limited movement (smooth surfaces gliding over each other)

Skeletal System

Parts: 206 bones total
Function:
- Supports the body
- Facilitates movement
- Protects organs
- Produces blood cells
- Releases and stores minerals and fat
Bone shapes:
- Long bones (humerus)
- Flat bones (sternum)
- Short bones (metacarpals)
- Sesamoid bones (thoracic vertebrae)
- Axial bones (skull, vertebrae, column, rib cage, hyoid bone)
- Appendicular bones (arms, shoulders, hands, legs, pelvic girdle)

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Description

This quiz covers the structure of a muscle, including the arrangement of myofilaments, myofibrils, and muscle fibers, as well as the differences between origin and insertion points in muscles. Test your knowledge of muscle anatomy and physiology!