30 Questions
Where are olfactory receptors located?
In the roof of the nasal cavity
What stimulates olfactory hairs?
Chemicals dissolved in mucus
Which cells in olfaction undergo mitosis to replace olfactory receptor cells?
Basal cells
What is the function of supporting cells in olfaction?
Physical support, nourishment, and electrical insulation
Which glands produce mucus to dissolve odor molecules in olfaction?
Olfactory glands (Bowman’s glands)
What part of the brain is involved in the interpretation of smells?
Olfactory cortex
Where do impulses travel after synapsing with the olfactory bulb?
Temporal lobe
What chemical reactions are involved in olfactory transduction?
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
What causes anosmias, which are taste or smell deficits?
Nasal cavity inflammation
Where are most taste buds located?
Tongue
Which area is responsible for odor identification after impulses reach the primary olfactory area?
Orbitofrontal area
What kind of cells are present in taste buds along with gustatory receptor cells?
Supporting cells
Which type of papillae on the tongue has taste buds located on the sides?
Circumvallate papillae
Where are sweet receptors located in the taste buds?
Tip of the tongue
Which receptors detect sour tastes?
Sides of the tongue
What is the function of gustatory cells within the taste buds?
Responding to chemicals
Which cranial nerve serves the posterior 1/3 of the tongue in taste perception?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What type of compounds do bitter receptors detect?
Alkaloids
How often are taste bud cells replaced by basal stem cells?
Every 7-10 days
Where are salty receptors located?
Tip of the tongue
What is Umami known as in terms of taste?
Delicious taste
What stimulates the gustatory hairs on the taste buds?
Chemicals dissolved in saliva
When do eyes begin to develop according to the text?
3 weeks after fertilization
Which type of papillae on the tongue lacks taste buds and is sharp in structure?
Filiform papillae
What is the term for the condition in which the lens loses elasticity and has difficulty focusing on close objects, typically beginning around the age of 40?
Presbyopia
Which eye condition results from unequal pulls by the external eye muscles that prevent the coordination of movement of the two eyes?
Strabismus
What is the term for an eye infection or conjunctivitis in a baby's eyes due to the mother being infected with a sexually transmitted disease?
Ophthalmia neonatorum
What is the term for the age-associated hearing loss that affects approximately 25% of individuals by the age of 60?
Presbycusis
Which condition causes damage to the retina due to increased intraocular pressure and is more common in the elderly?
Glaucoma
What term is used to describe the ringing in the ears that occurs more frequently in the elderly?
Tinnitus
Test your knowledge on chemical senses such as taste and smell, including information on chemoreceptors, types of taste receptors, olfaction, and sensory stimuli. Explore how taste and smell senses complement each other in perceiving various chemicals.
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